Historical antecedents and local governance in the process of public policies building for coastal zone of Brazil

Healing Brazil's Blue Amazon: The Role of Knowledge Networks in Nurturing Cross-Scale Transformations at the Frontlines of Ocean Sustainability

“…These have been largely ignored by other ministerial agencies. The current, largely unstable institutional and political state of affairs in Brazil continuously challenges the design and implementation of a coherent national ocean governance vision (Gerhardinger et al, 2015a;Pinheiro et al, 2015;Fearnside, 2016), particularly one that integrates MPAs and MSP with other integrated coastal zone management and sustainable territorial development policies and instruments (Vivacqua et al, 2009;Marroni and Asmus, 2013). Among recent Brazilian executive and legislative actions dealing with MPAs and MSP at the Blue Amazon level, the emerging National Institute for Oceanographic Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Oceanográficas e Hidroviárias) and the 2013 submission of a proposal to the Brazilian National Congress of an entirely new Marine Bill are crucial steps toward more sustainable ocean governance which, however, still lack political momentum at the national level.…”

“…MPA management plans are usually expensive and normative, focus on lengthy diagnostic descriptions of the natural and social systems, and allow for little opportunities for ecosystem users to influence the process (Gerhardinger, 2014). Beyond MPA policies, some (if not all) of these implementation malaises are also present in other public policies in coastal zones, e.g., integrated coastal management and hydrological resource policies (Polette and Vieira, 2009;Marroni and Asmus, 2013). This may even relate to Brazilian democratic culture, a major learning phase still under way in a country that has, during the past 15-20 years, merely started to consolidate more decentralized societal steering structures.…”

“…Brazil has more than 9,000 km of coastline with 17 coastal states and 463 coastal cities that shelter about a quarter of the country's 204 million population (Marroni and Asmus, 2013). The national territory encompasses an Exclusive Economic Zone of about 3.5 million km 2 and a continental shelf of 912 thousand km 2 .…”

Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for the Sustainability of Historical–Cultural Structures on the Trabzon Coastline

“…Cities are artificial environments where people are shaped by their own cultures [3,4] as well as distinct ones, and these changes are reproduced in this process [5,6]. On an examination of the urban environment with respect the historical process, it has been noted that cities seek a particular aesthetic look with respect to the physical environment [7][8][9][10]. This aesthetic look that people seek in the physical environment can affect their lifestyle [10][11][12] and can also influence the process of shaping coastal cities.…”

“…On an examination of the urban environment with respect the historical process, it has been noted that cities seek a particular aesthetic look with respect to the physical environment [7][8][9][10]. This aesthetic look that people seek in the physical environment can affect their lifestyle [10][11][12] and can also influence the process of shaping coastal cities. It is thus necessary to assess the different factors that shaping coastal cities.…”