Historical Analysis of the Role of Governance Systems in the Sustainable Development of Biofuels in Brazil and the United States of America (USA)

Sajid, Zaman; Silva, Maria Aparecida Batista da; Danial, Syed Nasir

doi:10.3390/su13126881

Cited by 38 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, to date, more than 90% of bioethanol produced worldwide is derived from edible crops such as sugarcane, beets, corn, etc., which ultimately affects food security and leads to inflation (Choudhary et al, 2020). The United States and Brazil rank first and second, respectively, in the production of bioethanol and biodiesel (Sajid et al, 2021). In 2019, the U.S. recorded bioethanol production of 15.8 billion gallons, representing about 54% of global production.…”

Section: Production Of Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second largest producer, Brazil, recorded bioethanol production of 35.6 billion gallons from sugarcane and corn, which accounted for 30% of global production during the same period. In 2019, the US recorded biodiesel production of 2.5 billion gallons, followed by Brazil with 5.8 billion litres (Sajid et al, 2021). Lignocellulosic biomass includes non-food energy feedstocks used as an alternative to cane sugar or cornstarch for biofuel production and is referred to as secondgeneration biofuel (Choudhary et al, 2020;Rai et al, 2022).…”

Section: Production Of Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CAZyme from gut microbiome for efficient lignocellulose degradation and biofuel production

et al. 2022

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Over-exploitation and energy security concerns of the diminishing fossil fuels is a challenge to the present global economy. Further, the negative impact of greenhouse gases released using conventional fuels has led to the need for searching for alternative biofuel sources with biomass in the form of lignocellulose coming up as among the potent candidates. The entrapped carbon source of the lignocellulose has multiple applications other than biofuel generation under the biorefinery approach. However, the major bottleneck in using lignocellulose for biofuel production is its recalcitrant nature. Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) are enzymes that are employed for the disintegration and consumption of lignocellulose biomass as the carbon source for the production of biofuels and bio-derivatives. However, the cost of enzyme production and their stability and catalytic efficiency under stressed conditions is a concern that hinders large-scale biofuel production and utilization. Search for novel CAZymes with superior activity and stability under industrial condition has become a major research focus in this area considering the fact that the most conventional CAZymes has low commercial viability. The gut of plant-eating herbivores and other organisms is a potential source of CAZyme with high efficiency. The review explores the potential of the gut microbiome of various organisms in the production of an efficient CAZyme system and the challenges in using the biofuels produced through this approach as an alternative to conventional biofuels.

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Section: Production Of Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Production Of Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAZyme from gut microbiome for efficient lignocellulose degradation and biofuel production

et al. 2022

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“…Many studies [27,28] on RE policies have been conducted, but the majority of these studies are quantitative in nature and focus on the investigation and performance of one or more policies. Furthermore, most studies have focused solely on the development of renewable electricity [29,30] or biofuels [31,32] or have examined policies in the industry [33] and transportation sectors [34]. However, in order to identify a country's strengths and weaknesses, its RE development policies must be analyzed and investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-Year Development Plans of Renewable Energy Policies in Iran: A Content Analysis

et al. 2022

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Renewable energy (RE) policies can play an effective role in the development of renewable resources. The main goal of this paper was to conduct a content analysis on RE development policies in Iran’s five-year National Development Plan (NDP) by investigating upstream national documents. To achieve the goal, 29 upstream documents related to RE were identified and analyzed through a systematic literature review. Then, a qualitative content analysis was applied to analyze the documents. The results showed that Iran’s current RE policies need to be reviewed, reformed, and strengthened. For example, lack of sufficient attention to renewable heat and fuel was one of the deficiencies of RE policies in Iran’s five-year NDP. The decentralization of policymaking in the unified organization was also one of the weaknesses in the policymaking process of the RE. Iran can develop sustainable and clean RE policies by using sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, wave, and tidal power. The paper concludes that, although RE policies have the potential for development in Iran due to environmental, social, and economic advantages, they could face some infrastructural, managerial, socio-cultural, and economic challenges. Accordingly, effective and innovative policymaking is required to meet such challenges.

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“…In addition to being consumed directly by humans, it is also used for maize ethanol, animal feed and other maize products (Jonathon 2019, Klopfenstein et al 2018. In 2019, the United States (US) produced 15.8 million gallons of ethanol, representing 54% of the world's production and became the world's largest ethanol producer (Sajid 2021). Nowadays the ethanol industry absorbs a larger share of the maize crop, intensifying demand competition would unavoidably raise maize prices (Ranum et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change poses significant risks to maize production over the Great Lakes region

Deng

Yuan

Liu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Climate change significantly affects global and regional agriculture production thus food security. There are currently large areas suitable for maize production in the regions surrounding the Great Lakes (the Great Lakes region, GLR), one of the major maize production regions and economic engines in North America and the world. Will the GLR remain its high-yield under the future climate change? In this study, we use the climate change risk assessment platform CLIMADA to quantify the maize production associated risks over the GLR in the 2050s (2040-2069) and 2080s (2070-2099) under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios RCP 2.6 and the RCP 6.0. The updated gridded global maize production, land use and the large ensemble of maize yield projections generated by the ISIMIP are used in this study. The results show that in the current maize production areas, the total loss could reach 7.143 million tons (MT)/year in the 2050s and 0.897 MT/year in the 2080s under the RCP 2.6; and even more losses are projected under the RCP 6.0, which could reach 8.472 MT/year in the 2050s and 20.571 MT/ in the 2080s. Based on current global maize price in US dollars, these losses could be $2.4 billion/year, $301 million/year, $2.83 billion/year and $6.91 billion/year, respectively. Maize production in most states and provinces in the Great Lakes region may drop by more than 7% by the end of this century under RCP 6.0. The production could drop more than 10% for some years or decades due to the additive effect of long-term warming and extreme annual and decadal climate variability. Sustained maize price increases and high price volatility could translate such risks to maize production into risks to food security and many other sectors of the local, regional and global economies. As the usage of maize continues to increase, the loss in maize production could continue resulting in more significant risks on food security and the economy. Our results also show a north-ward shift to higher latitudes in the maize growing areas, which implies that some of the current low-yield regions in the north could see a significant yield increase that may make up for some losses in the current high-yield areas in the south. Results from this study could provide guidance to various jurisdictions for their climate change adaptation/ mitigation practices.

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Historical Analysis of the Role of Governance Systems in the Sustainable Development of Biofuels in Brazil and the United States of America (USA)

Cited by 38 publications

References 39 publications

CAZyme from gut microbiome for efficient lignocellulose degradation and biofuel production

CAZyme from gut microbiome for efficient lignocellulose degradation and biofuel production

Five-Year Development Plans of Renewable Energy Policies in Iran: A Content Analysis

Climate change poses significant risks to maize production over the Great Lakes region

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