Historical analysis of leishmaniasis cases in the transamazonian region: from 2009 to 2019

Abstract

Objective: To determine the total number of notified cases, new cases and recurrence of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL), to investigate the association between HIV coinfection and the presence of cutaneous lesion, as well to assess the concordance of two different laboratorial procedures: parasitological and histopathological in this region. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The research used data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, hence forth designated as SINAN (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação) that contained 6,183 cases of leishmaniasis in 9 municipalities. Results: As results, 5795 were of new cases and 351 recurrence cases. Among the cases 1,146 patients were tested for HIV, 16 presented coinfection from these 15 developed cutaneous lesion. In the overall studied population 5,690 subjects manifested cutaneous lesion. There was no agreement of the results regarding the quality of the parasitological and histopathological exams, demonstrating that they are poorly replicable (p <0.005). Conclusion: The ATL is endemic in the transamazonian region posing as a major public health problem. All patients with leishmaniasis must be tested for HIV and health professionals must register on the notification form. The tests to diagnose leishmaniasis need to be more specific and sensitive.

Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos casos de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) no estado do Pará entre os anos de 2010 a 2019

“…Ademais, a partir da pesquisa envolvendo o perfil de casos de LTA na região transamazônica, entre os anos de 2009 e 2019 de Coelho et al (2021), foram analisados diferentes municípios do estado do Pará, entre eles, se destacaram Medicilândia, Uruará e Altamira respectivamente, como os municípios com maior número de casos da doença, embora não corresponda a ordem encontrada na análise dos dados, esses municípios foram marcados pela predominância de casos no sexo masculino.…”

Visceral Leishmaniasis Associated with HIV Coinfection in Pará, Brazil

“…Cases of leishmaniasis associated with coinfection with HIV are worrisome, as they involve complications and usually present in the most aggressive forms of the disease. 19 In addition, impaired immune function in patients with VL coinfected with HIV may favor the reactivation of latent Leishmania infection, cause a worse therapeutic response, and increase the risk of relapse after treatment. 20 , 21 …”

“…17,18 Cases of leishmaniasis associated with coinfection with HIV are worrisome, as they involve complications and usually present in the most aggressive forms of the disease. 19 In addition, impaired immune function in patients with VL coinfected with HIV may favor the reactivation of latent Leishmania infection, cause a worse therapeutic response, and increase the risk of relapse after treatment. 20,21 The first report of VL/HIV coinfection occurred in southern Europe and currently coinfection is documented in 45 countries, highlighting the high rates reported in Brazil, Ethiopia and the state of Bihar in India.…”