Historic Churches and Their Hygrothermal Environment: A Review of Criteria Related to Building Fabric, Artefacts, Artwork and Occupants

Talbot, Robin; Picco, Marco; Greenfield, David S.; Ashton, Philip; Arbuthnot, Emma; Hashemi, Arman

doi:10.3390/su14137822

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It was found that the deterioration and mold problems of ancient buildings are influenced by the coupling of multiple factors, such as the thermal and humid environment around the building, air flow, underground soil moisture, and the building envelope, etc. [8][9][10]. Exploring the patterns of influence of different factors on the deterioration of ancient buildings is an important prerequisite for taking effective conservation measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Numerical Study on Indoor Heat and Moisture Transfer Characteristics of an Ancient Palace Building in Beijing

et al. 2023

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The heritage of ancient buildings is an important part of the world’s history and culture, which has extremely rich historical–cultural value and artistic research value. Beijing has a large number of ancient palace buildings, and because of the age of their construction, many of them have problems with varying degrees of peeling and molding on the inner surfaces of the envelope. To solve the problems of damp interiors of palace buildings, a mathematical model of indoor heat and moisture transfer was established based on an ancient wooden palace building in Beijing. The model was validated by fitting the measured and simulated data. And the effects of outdoor relative humidity, soil moisture, wall moisture, and other factors on indoor heat and moisture transfer of ancient buildings were simulated and analyzed via the control variables method. The results showed that the measured and simulated data are within the error range, which verifies the accuracy of the model. And the simulation of indoor humidity matched the measured humidity. Thus, the simulation results were consistent with the actual situation. The variable trend of the relative humidity of the indoor environment with the outdoor humidity is inconsistent from plane to plane, i.e., it increases or remains constant with the increase in the outdoor humidity. Indoor ambient relative humidity increased with increasing wall moisture. And the indoor average temperature is 24.5 °C, and indoor relative humidity ranged between 87.4% and 92.4%. Soil moisture and wall moisture were the main factors affecting indoor relative humidity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Numerical Study on Indoor Heat and Moisture Transfer Characteristics of an Ancient Palace Building in Beijing

et al. 2023

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“…In Huijbregts et al [97], the authors use a HAMBase model (heat, air, and moisture model for building and system evaluation) combined with a FEM software to assess the risk of mechanical degradation of a wooden cabinet after a new heating system was installed. When the artefacts are housed in a historic building, a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is usually installed to avoid uneven temperature and relative humidity fluctuations; this environment is often influenced by the outdoor environment [110][111][112]. Through the described approach, which combines the building simulation and the moisture transport at the material level, it is possible to directly simulate the impact of the HVAC system on the moisture-related mechanical stress [95].…”

Section: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat and Moisture Induced Stress and Strain in Wooden Artefacts and Elements in Heritage Buildings: A Review

2023

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In the world of cultural heritage, a wide range of artefacts and buildings are made of wood and, therefore, are subjected to moisture-induced stress and strain cycles, owing to environmental fluctuations. Simultaneous action of moisture and mechanical loads lead to a mechanosorptive effect on wood. Therefore, an increase in time-dependent creep, due to mechanical loads, is observed. The assessment of these complex phenomena entails the use of advance and interdisciplinary approaches. Consequently, this article reviews experimental and mathematical methods to study these degradation mechanisms in wooden artefacts and timber elements in heritage buildings. The paper presents the results of a six-step descriptive literature review, providing an overall picture of the ongoing research. Experimental techniques need to be improved so that they are in line with the conservation principles. The combination of experiments and simulations is a reliable predictive approach for better assessing the potential risk damages due to temperature, humidity cycles, and mechanical loads in complex structures. Thus, advanced numerical simulations and mathematical modelling include climate data and experimental measurements. This work also provides an overview of research performed on different categories of cultural heritage characterised by multi-layer structures. The mechanical response to wood–moisture relation is affected by the level of complexity of these structures. Finally, the use of realistic models is limited by knowledge about the material properties and the behaviour of complex structures over time. In addition, research gaps, limitations, and possible future research directions are also provided. This review may represent a starting point for future research on the thermo-hygro-mechanical behaviour of wood heritage.

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The Simulation Study on Indoor Heat and Moisture Transfer Characteristics of an Ancient Palace Building in Beijing

Liu,

Zhang,

Jiarui

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The heritage of ancient buildings is an important part of the world's history and culture, which has an extremely rich historical-cultural value and artistic research value. Beijing has a large number of palace ancient buildings, and because of the age of their construction, many of them have problems of varying degrees of peeling and mold on the inner surfaces of the envelope. To solve the problems of the damp and moldy interior of palace buildings, a mathematical model of indoor heat and moisture transfer was established based on a wooden palace ancient building in Beijing. Through the indoor mold distribution validation model, the effects of outdoor humidity, soil moisture, wall humidity, and other factors on the indoor heat and moisture transfer of ancient buildings were simulated and analyzed by using the control variables method. The results showed that the molds were distributed at the indoor corners and floors, and the simulation of indoor humidity match the measured humidity. Thus, the simulation results were consistent with the actual situation. The variable trend of the relative humidity of the indoor environment with the outdoor humidity is inconsistent from plane to plane, i.e. it increases or remains constant with the increase of the outdoor humidity. The indoor ambient relative humidity increased with increasing the wall humidity. And the indoor average temperature is 23.3 ℃ and indoor relative humidity ranged between 90.9 % to 92.44 %. Soil moisture and wall humidity were the main factors affecting the indoor environmental relative humidity.

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Historic Churches and Their Hygrothermal Environment: A Review of Criteria Related to Building Fabric, Artefacts, Artwork and Occupants

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

The Numerical Study on Indoor Heat and Moisture Transfer Characteristics of an Ancient Palace Building in Beijing

The Numerical Study on Indoor Heat and Moisture Transfer Characteristics of an Ancient Palace Building in Beijing

Heat and Moisture Induced Stress and Strain in Wooden Artefacts and Elements in Heritage Buildings: A Review

The Simulation Study on Indoor Heat and Moisture Transfer Characteristics of an Ancient Palace Building in Beijing

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