Abstract:The intellectual course of natural history reveals three conceptual approaches. The first was the taxonomic point of view, where naturalists worked to name and classify the living beings created by God. The second approach was provided by the eighteenth century's philosophical doctrine of mechanism, which lent natural history its method of endeavoring to comprehend the workings of organisms, inasmuch as the world "ran". Calling into question the adequacy of prior message, the third approach argued that living … Show more
“…He thought that “ God had endowed matter with certain powers of self-development, leaving the operation of natural causes in the production of plants and animals ” (see Lehoux, 2017 ). This theological view of nature slowly diminished its grip on scientists ( Merz, 1965 ), but it took centuries for naturalists to argue that living things display characteristics quite distinct from those of non-living matter, making it necessary to understand processes rather than simply decompose phenomena to then analyze them ( Castañeda, 1995 ).…”
Section: Pangenesis and The Power Of Reproductionmentioning
Heredity is such a fundamental concept that it is hard to imagine a world where the connection between parents and offspring is not understood. Three hundred years ago thinking of the phenomenon of heredity bore on a cluster of distinct philosophical questions inherited from antiquity concerning the nature and origin of substances or beings that lacked biological meaning. We are reminded of this philosophical heritage by the fact that in the 18th century the study of reproduction, embryology and development was referred to as “the science of generation”. It is now clear that reproduction, the biological process by which parents produce offspring, is a fundamental feature of all life on Earth. Heredity, the transmission of traits from parents to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction, allows differences between individuals to accumulate and evolve through natural selection. Genetics is the study of heredity, and in particular, variation of fundamental units responsible for heredity. Ideas underlying this theory evolved in considerably different and unrelated ways across a number of knowledge domains, including philosophy, medicine, natural history, and breeding. The fusion of these different domains into a single comprehensive theory in 19th century biology was a historically and culturally interdependent process, thus examining genetic prehistory should unravel these entanglements. The major goal of our review is tracing the various threads of thought that gradually converged into our contemporary understanding of heredity.
“…He thought that “ God had endowed matter with certain powers of self-development, leaving the operation of natural causes in the production of plants and animals ” (see Lehoux, 2017 ). This theological view of nature slowly diminished its grip on scientists ( Merz, 1965 ), but it took centuries for naturalists to argue that living things display characteristics quite distinct from those of non-living matter, making it necessary to understand processes rather than simply decompose phenomena to then analyze them ( Castañeda, 1995 ).…”
Section: Pangenesis and The Power Of Reproductionmentioning
Heredity is such a fundamental concept that it is hard to imagine a world where the connection between parents and offspring is not understood. Three hundred years ago thinking of the phenomenon of heredity bore on a cluster of distinct philosophical questions inherited from antiquity concerning the nature and origin of substances or beings that lacked biological meaning. We are reminded of this philosophical heritage by the fact that in the 18th century the study of reproduction, embryology and development was referred to as “the science of generation”. It is now clear that reproduction, the biological process by which parents produce offspring, is a fundamental feature of all life on Earth. Heredity, the transmission of traits from parents to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction, allows differences between individuals to accumulate and evolve through natural selection. Genetics is the study of heredity, and in particular, variation of fundamental units responsible for heredity. Ideas underlying this theory evolved in considerably different and unrelated ways across a number of knowledge domains, including philosophy, medicine, natural history, and breeding. The fusion of these different domains into a single comprehensive theory in 19th century biology was a historically and culturally interdependent process, thus examining genetic prehistory should unravel these entanglements. The major goal of our review is tracing the various threads of thought that gradually converged into our contemporary understanding of heredity.
“…Stanley Lloyd Miller (1930-2007 Dessa forma, "Redi concluiu que seres vivos só poderiam se originar de outros seres vivos preexistentes (biogênese)", ou seja, partindo da observação experimental de um fenômeno específico, foi possível fundamentar a explicação universal de que "seres vivos só poderiam surgir de outros seres vivos". Um método próprio da história natural começa a surgir, apresentando que é a "reprodução que dá ao ser vivo um status distinto, onde a filosofia mecanicista, pela primeira vez, se apresenta inadequada, porém ela não é totalmente excluída no pensamento biológico nascente" (Castañeda, 1995 Além disso, alguns Autores foram importantes na circulação desses discursos.…”
Origem da Vida, enquanto conteúdo curricular, constitui uma temática de natureza controversa. Conhecimentos de várias áreas sustentam diversas hipóteses e cenários plausíveis para explicar como a vida se originou na Terra, abrindo espaço para os conflitos que existem nesse âmbito, além de expressar características da natureza do conhecimento científico. É nessa perspectiva que essa abordagem pode ser vinculada com a História e Filosofia da Ciência (HFC), para que não sejam reforçadas visões de Ciência que remetam à linearidade da construção do conhecimento e à ausência de conflitos. A Análise do Discurso, proposta nos trabalhos de Michel Foucault, pode ser utilizada como dispositivo analítico para pensar a abordagem de História e Filosofia da Ciência preconizada em livros didáticos. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo circunscrever qual(is) discurso(s) circula(m) sobre as teorias movimentadas no conteúdo escolar “Origem da Vida”, estritamente em relação às teorias da geração espontânea e da evolução química gradual, em livros didáticos de Ciências do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental. A análise indica que as Teorias da Evolução Química Gradual e da Geração Espontânea são recorrentes nos livros didáticos, com uma vertente historiográfica positivista, compondo enunciados que estabelecem as possibilidades de circulação e de legitimação do conhecimento científico.
Verifica a extensão dos aportes botânicos de Pierre-François-Xavier de Charlevoix em Histoire et description générale de la Nouvelle France em relação a trabalhos de pesquisadores anteriores, suas valorações das representações iconográficas e discursivas e aplicabilidade no projeto de colonização francesa. Investiga-se o que o levou a preterir o modelo taxionômico de Lineu e o que pretendia com seu catálogo de curiosidades botânicas. O desenlace de sua trajetória filosófico-religiosa permite compreender seu posicionamento no quadro de classificação da natureza, os sentidos das informações etnológicas, as formas de apropriação intelectual e os usos da iconografia botânica e do discurso como propaganda político-emotiva para incentivar a ocupação colonial.
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