Histoplasmosis and Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Schutze, Gordon E.; Tucker, Nancy C.; Jacobs, Richard F.

doi:10.1097/00006454-199206000-00018

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Few reports have been published of presenting signs and symptoms in children with PDH complicating AIDS. 4,10–12 However, most are similar to those seen in PDH in otherwise normal infants and in infections in patients with other primary or acquired cellular immunodeficiencies. These include splenomegaly, cough, respiratory distress, hepatomegaly, septic appearance, generalized lymphadenopathy, interstitial pneumonitis, cytopenia(s), coagulopathy, oropharyngeal/gastrointestinal (GI) ulcerations, and erythematous nodular/ulcerative cutaneous lesions.…”

Section: Histoplasmosis (Last Updated November 6 2013; Last Reviewedmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…3 In a highly endemic region, histoplasmosis was the AIDS-defining illness in 25% of adults and 8% of children. 4 Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) occurred in 5% of HIV-infected children in another highly endemic region (M. Kleiman, unpublished data). The overall incidence of histoplasmosis in children has not been examined systematically but appeared to be low, even during the pre-cART era.…”

Section: Histoplasmosis (Last Updated November 6 2013; Last Reviewedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Exposed and HIV-Infected Children

Siberry

Abzug

Nachman

et al. 2013

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Section: Histoplasmosis (Last Updated November 6 2013; Last Reviewedmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Histoplasmosis (Last Updated November 6 2013; Last Reviewedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Exposed and HIV-Infected Children

Siberry

Abzug

Nachman

et al. 2013

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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“…Transmission can also be orally, causing infection in the intestines [ 9 ]. Transplacental, congenital and perinatal transmission of infections have also been reported [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Histoplasmosis is primarily a pulmonary disease but can be disseminated in individuals at the extremes of ages due to their weak immune system, in people with advanced HIV/AIDS disease and secondary to persistent exposures to Histoplasma conidia [ 2 , 15 ].…”

Section: Mycology Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Histoplasmosis in Children; HIV/AIDS Not a Major Driver

Ekeng

Edem

Amamilo³

et al. 2021

JoF

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The classification of histoplasmosis as an AIDS-defining illness has largely attributed its occurrence in people to the presence of HIV/AIDS especially in Africa. Prior to the advent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, several cases of histoplasmosis were documented both in the pediatric and adult populations. Our review revealed 1461 reported cases of pediatric histoplasmosis globally in the last eight decades (1939–2021). North America (n = 1231) had the highest number of cases, followed by South America (n = 135), Africa (n = 65), Asia (n = 26) and Europe (n = 4). Histoplasmosis was much more common in the non-HIV pediatric population (n = 1418, 97.1%) compared to the HIV population. The non-HIV factors implicated were, childhood malignancies (n = 207), such as leukemias and lymphomas as well as their treatment, lung diseases (n = 7), environmental exposures and toxins (n = 224), autoimmune diseases (n = 12), organ transplants (n = 12), long-term steroid therapy (n = 3), the use of immunosuppressive drugs such as TNF-alpha inhibitors (n = 7) malnutrition (n = 12), histiocytosis (n = 3), Hyper immunoglobulin M and E syndromes (n = 15, 1.2%), pancytopenia (n = 26), diabetes mellitus (n = 1) and T-cell deficiency (n = 21). Paediatricians should always consider or rule out a diagnosis of histoplasmosis in children presenting with symptoms suggestive of the above clinical conditions.

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“…Although Histoplasma capsulatum is well-described as an infectious agent in children, particularly in infants [56,96], only a few cases have as yet been reported in HIV-infected paediatric patients [10,73,86]. Progressive disseminated disease, either through primary infection or reactivation in the presence of low CD4+ counts, is by far the most frequent manifestation of histoplasmosis among HIV-infected individuals [66,67,106].…”

Section: Histoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%