Current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections in children infected with human immuno deficiency virus

Abstract

Mucosal and invasive fungal infections will remain important complications in HIV-infected children of all age groups. Interventional studies and well documented case series are needed to improve the molecular diagnosis, treatment and prevention of invasive fungal infections in the paediatric HIV-infected population.

Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Cyclodextrin Itraconazole in Pediatric Patients with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

“…Its clinical manifestations can range from isolated, asymptomatic mucosal plaques to complete involvement of the oropharynx and painful mucositis. OPC may be complicated by esophageal candidiasis and may lead to impaired food and fluid intake, weight loss, and dehydration, particularly in infants and young children (18).…”

“…Topical polyenes and topical imidazoles are not always successful, except for mild forms of OPC, and many patients require systemic therapy with either ketoconazole or fluconazole (18,34). During the past decade, however, clinical and microbiological resistance of Candida spp.…”

Candida dubliniensis in a Brazilian family with an HIV 1- infected child: identification, antifungal susceptibility, drug accumulation and sterol composition

“…C. dubliniensis has also been recovered from the oral cavities of asymptomatic and symptomatic immunocompetent individuals, although to a much lesser extent. Transmission of genetically indistinguishable strains of C. albicans between HIV-infected adult partners has been reported previously (14). However, little is known about the transmission of the isogenic C. dubliniensis strain between children and within families.…”

“…Candida dubliniensis was first described in South America by Rodero et al (20). Transmission of genetically indistinguishable strains of C. albicans between HIV-infected adult partners has been reported previously (14). Little is known about the transmission of C. dubliniensis between children and within families (14).…”

“…Transmission of genetically indistinguishable strains of C. albicans between HIV-infected adult partners has been reported previously (14). Little is known about the transmission of C. dubliniensis between children and within families (14). The majority of C. dubliniensis clinical isolates tested to date are susceptible to several antifungal agents (13).…”