HISTOPATHOLOGY ASPECTS AND FIBROSIS EVALUATION OF BOVINE NATURALLY INFECTED LIVERS BY Fasciola hepatica

Abstract

Fasciolosis is a zoonotic disease that infects especially ruminants and the liver damages in chronic infection caused by the parasite are very severe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological findings in liver of cattle naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica, as well as propose a classification of liver damage caused by this disease based on the chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Were used fragments of the right lobe and left of one hundred livers the cattle. Those fragments were subjected to histological processing and staining with haematoxylineosin and Masson's trichrome. Assigned to graduate I to III for the classification of lesions according to the intensity of the inflammatory and fibrotic changes. The lesions more prevalent were biliary duct proliferation, mononuclear cell infiltration, arteriosclerosis, and periportal and periductal fibrosis. Fibrotic lesions were more intense than the inflammatory and 45% of the samples belonged to category II, followed by 39% in category I and 16% in category III. The proposed categorization of pathological liver injury in chronic fasciolosis in naturally infected cattle proved is a valuable method of microscopic evaluation, since it allows determining the evolution of this disease. Key Words: cattle, Fasciola hepatica, fascioliasis, liver ASPECTOS HISTOPATOLÓGICOS E AVALIAÇÃO DE FIBROSE EM FÍGADOS BOVINOS NATURALMENTE INFECTADOS POR FASCIOLA HEPATICARESUMO: Fasciolose é uma zoonose que infecta especialmente os ruminantes e os danos ao fígado causado pela infecção crônica pelo parasito são graves. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os achados histopatológicos no fígado de bovinos naturalmente infectados com Fasciola hepatica, bem como propor a classificação de lesão hepática causada por essa doença baseado na inflamação crônica e fibrose. Foram utilizados fragmentos do lobo direito e esquerdo de 100 fígados bovinos com fasciolose. Os fragmentos foram submetidos a processamento histológico e coloração com hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e Tricrômico de Masson. Atribuiu-se a graduação de I a III para a classificação das lesões, de acordo com a intensidade das alterações inflamatórias e fibróticas. As lesões mais prevalentes foram a proliferação do ducto biliar, infiltração de células mononucleares, arteriosclerose e fibrose periportal e periductal. Lesões fibróticas foram mais intensas que as inflamatórias e 45% das amostras foram classificadas na categoria II, seguido de 39% na categoria I e 16% na categoria III. A proposta de categorização histopatológica da lesão hepática em fasciolose crônica em bovinos naturalmente infectados é um método valioso de avaliação microscópica, uma vez que permite determinar a evolução da doença. Palavras-chave: bovinos, Fasciola hepatica, fasciolose, fígado 62Histopathology aspects and fibrosis evaluation of bovine naturally infected livers by Fasciola hepatica

Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle and the use of simulation models for endemic areas

“…Ross (1970) reported the injury to the high-calibre bile ducts of bovine due to F. hepatica, nine weeks after artificially infecting animals, accompanied by an increase in thickness of the liver wall, acinar formation with irregular structures on the inner portion and eosinophilic infiltration beyond the outer middle portion. Supporting the current study, Hussain & Zghair (2017) and Trivilin et al (2014) reported haemorrhage points on the parietal surface in chronically infected livers, representing the points of entrance of the immature parasites into the liver structure, and enlarged/distended ducts, caused by immunological reaction of macrophages and lymphocytes infiltration during the later stage of fasciolosis. Oyarzún-Ruiz et al (2019) reported that biliary ducts hyperplasia and hypertrophy with fibroblastic formation, as also observed in infected wild rabbits in Chile.…”

“…Supporting the current study, Hussain & Zghair (2017) and Trivilin et al . (2014) reported haemorrhage points on the parietal surface in chronically infected livers, representing the points of entrance of the immature parasites into the liver structure, and enlarged/distended ducts, caused by immunological reaction of macrophages and lymphocytes infiltration during the later stage of fasciolosis. Oyarzún-Ruiz et al .…”

“…The parasite damage to the host tissue is seen by hepatobiliary injury, and the host response is determined by fibro-cellular reactions. Changes in the metabolic activity of rat hepatocytes exposed to the somatic proteins of F. hepatica revealed that the protein concentration, as well as the duration of their action, decreased the longevity of these cells (Trivilin et al ., 2014; Taibi et al ., 2019).…”

Association of Fasciola hepatica Infection with Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis, and Cancer: A Systematic Review

“…In 3021 pigs, fascioliasis causes serious hepatic lesions mainly characterized by severe fibrosis [ 14 ]. In addition, periportal fibrosis and collagen deposition around the bile ducts has been also reported in cattle [ 15 , 16 ]. The more chronic injury around the bile ducts, the greater the periportal fibrosis.…”

Prevalence and Histopathological Effects of Fascioliasis in Cattle Slaughtered in Ikot Eneobong Abattoir, Calabar, Nigeria

“…Similar results have been observed by Salmo et al, [29] and Okoye et al, [30] in cattle. Trivilin et al, [31] also observed that the liver lesions more prevalent were biliary duct proliferation, mononuclear cell infiltration, arteriosclerosis and periportal and periductal fibrosis.…”