Histopathological Study of Thyroid Lesions in Two Years in the Department of Pathology

Abstract

Background: From the diseases of the thyroid, benign neoplasms outnumber thyroid carcinomas by a ratio of 10:1. Overall, the incidence of thyroid malignancy is low, forming 0.5-1.0% of all cancers and 3.3-17% of all thyroid diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of thyroid lesions in thyroidectomy specimens received. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, GMC Patiala in a period of two years in which biopsies of thyroid gland of 97 patients were received. All the specimens obtained were fixed in formalin and processed. For light microscopy sections stained with H & E and studied. Therefore this study was done to analyze the common causes of thyroid lesions. Results: Out of 97 thyroidectomy specimens, 80 cases were non neoplastic and 13 cases were neoplastic. The non neoplastic lesions included 41 cases of colloid goitre , 25 cases of multinodular goitre, 8 cases of lymphocytic thyroiditis, 3 cases of Hashimoto thyroiditis , 1 case of granulomatous thyroiditis, 2 cases of adenomatous goitre. There were 13 neoplastic lesions consisting of 6 cases of follicular adenoma, 2 cases of follicular carcinoma, 4 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma and 1 case of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. In 4 cases, the diagnosis was inconclusive. The female: male ratio was 5.4:1. Conclusion: 1.Thyroid enlargement is a common OPD presentation with >50% being benign. 2. Most common cause of thyroid enlargement was colloid goitre (42.26%). 3. Females are affected more commonly than males (F:M ratio 5.4:1)