Histopathological Study of Neoplastic Lesions of Female Genital Tract in Kolhan, Jharkhand

Abstract

BACKGROUND Gynaecological specimens form the major proportion of tissue biopsies in most pathology departments. Sexually active women are more prone to cervical disease. The aim of this study is to find out the frequency distribution of tumours occurring in FGT. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out in pathology department of MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur. All formalin fixed surgical specimens of female genital tract from January 2013 to December 2015 were subjected for histopathology and examined under light microscopy. All neoplastic lesions were included, and non-neoplastic lesions were excluded from the study. RESULTS Between the period January 2013 to December 2015, a total of hundred (100) FGT surgical biopsies with various types of neoplastic lesions were received in the department of pathology, MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur. Out of which 8 tumours were from uterine cervix, 64 tumours were from uterine body, 28 tumours were from ovaries. Majority 90% were benign and 10% were malignant. Leiomyoma was the most common benign tumour of uterine body and squamous cell carcinoma of cervix was the most common malignant tumour. Both benign and malignant tumours occur in the age group of 41-50 years. CONCLUSION Histology is the best technique to detect female genital tract lesions. Leiomyoma is the common tumour arising in FGT. Carcinoma of cervix is the common malignant tumour. Routine Pap smear test in reproductive age group is a way of reducing the occurrence of carcinoma of the cervix in our setup with current means.

Incidence of neoplastic lesions of female genital tract in a tertiary care centre: A 3 year retrospective study

“…Similar observations were also noted in the study by Khandekar S et al (6.28%) [15] while other studies by Gaikwad SL et al [12] , Singh M et al et al [16] and Paul SN et al [13] reported squamous cell carcinoma as 9.28%,7.04% and 7% respectively. In our study, the other histological variant of cervical carcinoma reported was a single case of small cell carcinoma in the age group of 41-50 years.…”

“…Among the total neoplastic lesions in the present study, 77.93% were benign lesions. Similarly in a study done by Paul S N et al [13] , 90% lesions were reported as benign lesions among the total neoplastic lesions which is higher compared to our study. In the present study, benign lesions of cervix reported were endocervical polyp (9.65%) followed by squamous metaplasia and cervical leiomyoma with majority of the cases in 31-40 and 41-50 years of age.…”

“…Other benign lesions were Brenner tumor 0.68% and mature cystic teratoma 1.37% with both in age group of 41-50 years. Studies done by Paul SN et al [13] and Gaikwad SL et al [12] , reported high incidence of serous cystadenoma compared to our study i.e. 6% and 9.28% with maximum in the age group of 41-50 and 31-40 years respectively.…”

“…Similarly, Dhakal HP et al [17] also noted various other less common histological types of cervical carcinomas out of all the cervical cancers (1293 cases) in their study namely adenocarcinoma (3.8%), small cell carcinoma (0.3%), adenosquamous carcinoma (0.2%) and carcinosarcoma (0.2%) whereas in a study by Rahman MA et al [18] , cervical adenocarcinoma (1.08%) out of 62 cases of gynecological cancers, was also found other than squamous cell carcinoma. [12] Khandekar S [15] Singh M et al [16] Paul S N et al [13] Cervix (squamous cell carcinoma) 5.51% 9.28% 6.28% 7.04% 7% Endometrium (adenocarcinoma) 4.82% 2.14% 3.38% --Ovary (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma) 0.68% 0.71% 0.96% --…”

“…Specialized investigations (Elisa, HPV serology and immunohistochemistry) could not be carried out in our set up due to non-availability and high cost incurred. The effectiveness of Pap test in detecting cervical precancers, easy accessibility to cervix by colposcopy and biopsy are the best tools for early detection and eradication of pre-invasive lesions, some of it may progress to cancer if not diagnosed and treated timely [13] . This could be the reason that 80% of the cancers occurring in women of developing countries comprise of cervical cancer and it accounts for the fourth common cause of mortality among all cancers [25] .…”