Histopathological and Biochemical Comparative Study of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Copper Sulphate Toxicity in Male Albino Mice Reproductive System

Abstract

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for the efficient functioning of living organisms. Cu can enter the body in different ways, and when it surpasses the range of biological tolerance, it can have negative consequences. The use of different nanoparticles, especially metal oxide nanoparticles, is increasingly being expanded in the fields of industry and biomedical materials. However, the impact of these nanoparticles on human health is still not completely elucidated. This comparative study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and copper sulphate (CuSO4 0.5 (H2O)) on infertility and reproductive function in male albino mice BALB/c. Body weight, the weight of male reproductive organs, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, caspase-3 level, and the presence of Ki67 and CD68, as detected using the amino-histochemistry technique, were investigated. Animals were treated with 25 and 35 mg/kg of CuO NPs and CuSO4 0.5 (H2O) by oral gavage for 14 days. The control group was given distilled water by oral gavage. Body weight significantly decreased at the end of experiments in both treated groups in a concentration- and time-dependent manner compared with the control group. Weights of testes and epididymis (head and tail), as well as the weight of the seminal vesicle, showed a significant decrease compared with the control. However, the average weights of the seminal vesicle and prostate significantly increased. Caspase-3 and MDA levels increased in the CuO NP and CuSO4 0.5 (H2O) groups compared with the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two concentrations used. Immunohistochemical results detected a significant decrease in Ki67 protein in the treatment groups compared with the control. However, increase in CD68 protein was found in groups treated with CuO NPs and CuSO4 0.5 (H2O) compared with the control group. Overall, this in vivo comparative study of CuO NPs and CuSO4 0.5 (H2O) showed that oral intake of copper NPs at 25 and 23 mg/kg was safer to the mice reproductive system than CuSO4 0.5 (H2O) at the same dose. CuSO4 0.5 (H2O) significantly influenced the histopathological and toxicological alteration responses.

Alleviative Role of Hemin on Reproductive Functions of Adult Male Rats Treated with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

“…According to Chen et al (2020), among the most prevalent and sensitive markers of a drug's adverse impacts on animals are their weight and organ weight. Previous investigations have established characteristics related to toxicity generated by NPs, such as a reduction in weight in the body and associated organs (Radhi and Al-Bairuty, 2019;AL-Musawi et al, 2022).…”

Metallothionein Protein Concentration in The Liver Tissue of Albino Mice Exposed to Cadmium and Zinc Chloride

“…Immunohistochemistry: Fixed liver specimens were sectioned after following histological protocol as described by AL-Musawi et al (13) and Ashour et al (14) , HRP/DAB IHC detection kit (UK, Abcam) was used according to the manufacturer's procedure.…”

Development of a Fluorescein-Based Probe with an “Off–On” Mechanism for Selective Detection of Copper (II) Ions and Its Application in Imaging of Living Cells

“…Compared with other transition metals, Cu has a strong stability constant of binding ligands, which makes it an ideal enzyme cofactor [ 3 , 4 ]. Cu can enter the human body in a variety of ways, such as through inhalation, diet and environmental intake [ 5 ]. According to some studies, Cu 2+ solutions and metallic Cu can effectively inhibit the growth of viruses and even inactivate them [ 6 , 7 ].…”