Histopathologic classification of small cell lung cancer changing concepts and terminology

Hirsch, Fred R.; Matthews, Mary J.; Aisner, Seena C.; Campobasso, O; Elema, Job D.; Gazdar, Adi F.; Mackay, Bruce; Nasiell, M; Shimosato, Yukío; Steele, Richard; Yesner, Raymond; Zettergren, L

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19880901)62:5<973::aid-cncr2820620521>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 192 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…non-small-cell lung carcinoma accompanied by neuroendocrine features, small-cell lung carcinoma with a large-cell component, etc.) (Radice et al, 1982;Nomori et al, 1986;Gazdar and Linnoila, 1988;Hirsh et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between TA01 and TA02 polypeptides associated with lung adenocarcinoma and histocytological features

Hirano¹,

Fujioka²,

Franzén³

et al. 1997

Br J Cancer

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Summary TA01 (molecular weight 35.0 kDa, isoelectric point 5.45) and TA02 (molecular weight 35.0 kDa, isoelectric point 5.29) polypeptides were detected using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). A previous study has shown that these polypeptides are distributed in primary adenocarcinomas and some large -cell carcinomas of the lung. However, various expression levels of TA01 and TA02 polypeptides were demonstrated in adenocarcinoma, while large-cell carcinoma expressed low levels. To evaluate the relationship between the expression of TA01 and TA02 polypeptides and the histocytological features of primary adenocarcinoma of the lung, these two polypeptides were analysed by 2-DE combined with a non-enzymatic sample preparation technique, and their expression levels were compared with the histocytological features of primary lung adenocarcinoma. Out of 57 primary lung adenocarcinoma cases, 46 cases (80.7%) and 52 cases (91.2%) expressed TA01 and TA02 polypeptides respectively. Furthermore, the expression levels of TA01 and TA02 polypeptides correlated with the degree of cellular atypia, structural atypia and histocytological differentiation of primary lung adenocarcinoma. On the other hand, these two polypeptides were not detected in adenocarcinoma of the lung, metastatic from the colon and mammary glands. High expression of TA01 and TA02 polypeptides reflected the differentiation of primary adenocarcinoma in the lung. These two polypeptides are valuable in determining the histocytological differentiation of primary lung adenocarcinoma as well as in distinguishing between primary and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung.Keywords: primary adenocarcinoma of the lung; histopathological differentiation; TA01 polypeptide; TA02 polypeptide; two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Tumour markers can contribute to clinicopathological diagnosis, more accurate evaluation of biological malignancy of the tumour and selection of therapeutic strategy. Products of oncogenes and mutant tumour-suppressor genes are possible candidates for biological tumour markers. Also, histological differentiation antigens could be useful markers in cases of borderline histology.Although some tumour markers (e.g. CEA, CA 19-9 and TPA, etc.) are used in the clinical diagnosis of primary adenocarcinoma of the lung (Vincent et al, 1979;Latanche et al, 1985;Buccheri et al, 1988;Niklinski et al, 1995), there is no specific tumour marker for primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. At present, cell proliferation and products of oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes in lung adenocarcinoma are attracting attention (M0rkve et al, 1992;Scagliotti et al, 1993;Ebina et al, 1994;Rachwal et al, 1995;Costa et al, 1996) Correspondence to: T Hirano Linnoila et al, 1992) and protein 1 (Barnard et al, 1992). There is a possibility that these polypeptides become specific tumour markers for primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Such a marker might be useful to distinguish primary and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung.We also investigate...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between TA01 and TA02 polypeptides associated with lung adenocarcinoma and histocytological features

Hirano¹,

Fujioka²,

Franzén³

et al. 1997

Br J Cancer

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“…Although, IASLC had proposed to recognize a variant form of SCLC called mixed small cell-large cell carcinoma [36], this variant was not retained in revised WHO classification. Instead, SCLC is now described with only one variant: "SCLC combined", when at least 10% of the tumour bulk is made of an associated nonsmall cell component.…”

Section: Large Cell Carcinoma and Neuroendocrine Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

The new World Health Organization classification of lung tumours

Brambilla

Tv³

et al. 2001

European Respiratory Journal

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919

622

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Tumour classification systems provide the foundation for tumour diagnosis and patient therapy and a critical basis for epidemiological and clinical studies. This updated classification was developed with the aim to adhere to the principles of reproducibility, clinical significance, and simplicity in order to minimize the number of unclassifiable lesions.Major changes in the revised classification as compared to the previous one (WHO 1981 [1]) include the addition of two pre-invasive lesions to squamous dysplasia and carcinoma in situ; atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. Another change is the subclassification of adenocarcinoma: the definition of bronchioalveolar carcinoma has been restricted to noninvasive tumours. There has been substantial evolution of concepts in neuroendocrine lung tumour classification. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is now recognized as a histologically high grade non small cell carcinoma showing histopathological features of neuroendocrine differentiation as well as immunohistochemical neuroendocrine markers. The large cell carcinoma class has been enriched with several variants, including the LCNEC and the basaloid carcinoma, both with a dismal prognosis. Finally, a new class was defined called carcinoma with pleomorphic, sarcomatoid, or sarcomatous elements, which brings together a number of proliferations characterized by a spectrum of epithelial to mesenchymal differentiation.Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy are invaluable techniques for diagnosis and subclassification, but our intention was to render the classification simple and practical to every surgical laboratory, so that most lung tumours could be classified by light microscopic criteria.

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“…Cytomorphological characteristics of the tumour have been examined (Burdon et al, 1979;Carney et al, 1981;Vollmer et al, 1985;Hirsch et al, 1988) but the evidence that the tumours with a large cell component have a worse prognosis is not convincing. Serum markers such as NSE (Harding et al, 1990) are related to prognosis but appear to be indicators of mass of disease rather than independent predictors of outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although for many patients treatment is palliative, it might be possible to increase cure rate by intensifying treatment in patients identifiable as having better prognostic features at presentation. Clinical and biochemical information give considerable prognostic information (Rawson & Peto, 1990;Souhami et al, 1985) but studies relating histological subtype to prognosis have given conflicting results (Hansen et al 1978;Carney et al, 1981;Aisner et al, 1983;Vollmer et al, 1985;Hirsch et al, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An immunohistochemical investigation of diagnostic biopsy material taken from short and long term survivors with small cell lung cancer

Bobrow

Hirsch²,

Hay³

et al. 1992

Br J Cancer

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SummaryAn immunohistochemical study has been carried out on fibre optic-biopsy specimens from patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who had either died within 3 months, or who had survived more than 2 years. Long term survivors (LTS) were identified from completed clinical trials at major UK centres and were matched for age and sex within the trial with short term survivors (STS). The panel of immunohistochemical markers included those previously reported to be associated with prognosis, and reagents representative of both neuroendocrine and epithelial differentiation. A preliminary screen of 17 antibodies identified 11 as consistently reactive on paraffin-embedded material using streptavadin-biotin immunoperoxidase. Of 186 identified patients, 110 biopsy samples were retrieved. Of these, 70 gave sufficient material for analysis. All sections were scored by three observers without knowledge of the prognosis. The analysis failed to identify any antigen whose expression was correlated with prognosis. We conclude that, in fibre-optic biopsy specimens, immunohistochemical analysis does not add prognostic information in SCLC.Small cell lung cancer SCLC is characterised by monomorphic, undifferentiated cells which typically show neuroendocrine (NE) properties such as high levels of dopa decarboxylase, creatinine kinase BB, neurone specific enolase (NSE) and bombesin, and the presence of neurosecretory granules.

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Histopathologic classification of small cell lung cancer changing concepts and terminology

Cited by 192 publications

References 12 publications

Relationship between TA01 and TA02 polypeptides associated with lung adenocarcinoma and histocytological features

Relationship between TA01 and TA02 polypeptides associated with lung adenocarcinoma and histocytological features

The new World Health Organization classification of lung tumours

An immunohistochemical investigation of diagnostic biopsy material taken from short and long term survivors with small cell lung cancer

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