Histopathologic changes in the gills and skin of adult Clarias gariepinus exposed to ethanolic extract of Parkia biglobosa pods

Abstract

Background and aim: Fish live in direct contact with their immediate external environment and, therefore, are highly vulnerable to aquatic pollutants. We aimed to investigate histopathologic changes in the gills and skin of fish exposed to plant extracts. Methods: Clarias gariepinus adults were exposed to 0 mg/L, 85 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 115 mg/L, 130 mg/L and 145 mg/L concentrations of ethanolic extracts of Parkia biglobosa pods over a 96‐h period. Results: Gills from exposed fish showed hyperemia and severe edema with fusion of secondary lamellae. The skin from exposed fish showed hyperplasia of mucus producing cells, epidermal and dermal polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltrations with areas of dermal necrosis and aggregation of melanin pigments. Fish from the control group showed no histopathologic changes. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of P. biglobosa pods is toxic to adult C. gariepinus. Therefore, extensive use of this tree to harvest fish for human consumption should be discouraged pending further investigations to determine the safety of such practices to human health.

Toxicological Evaluation of Ethanol Extract of Adenium obesum Stem Bark in African Catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>

“…This is in addition to the engagement of aerial mode of respiration so as to disengage gill respiration and by implication, prevent continuous gill contact with the toxicant. The respiratory distress might be due to gill epithelia damage or excessive mucous coating of gill epithelia surfaces (Tamse et al, 1995;Abalaka et al, 2010). The nervous compromise was initially characterized by hyperactivity and later, by increasing states of motionlessness, adoption of different postures, sudden darts, swirling/sluggish movements and loss of balance.…”

Toxicity of Two Household Liquid Soaps on Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859

“…This may be due to the increased cellular activities resulted in metabolism of lipids to meet the increased physiological demand (Maruf Iftekhar et al, 2006;Abalaka et al, 2011) posed by the surfactants. Furthermore, lower level of triglyceride indicated the defi ciency of hepatic metabolites compound as well as abnormal physiological function of the metabolism (Omitoyin, 2007).…”

“…Also the anionic surfactants that belong to alkyl sulphates (AS), linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and alkylpolyoxyethylene sulphates (AES) were harmful to aquatic organisms (Physa acuta, Artemia salina and Raphidocelis subcapitata) at concentration range of 10 and 100mg/L (Liwarska-Bizukojc et al, 2005). Furthermore, documented studies on biochemical changes in fi sh exposed to toxicants include; blood protein (Omoniyi et al, 2002;Martinez et al, 2004), triglyceride and cholesterol (Abalaka et al, 2011;Maruf Iftekhar, et al, 2006;Omitoyin, 2007) and tissue glucose (Ajani et al, 2007).…”

Changes in hematological parameters and gill morphology in common carp exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Malathion

“…Therefore, the blood parameters are often measured when a clinical diagnosis of fish physiology is applied to determine the sub-lethal effects of pollutants (Venkataramana et al, 2006). The effects of different pollutants on the hematological parameters have been documented in several fish species (Abalaka et al, 2011 andAl-Kahem Al-Balawi et al, 2011). However, the reports on the effects of sub-lethal dosages of Malathion in common carp, Cyprinus carpio are still scanty.…”