Histomorphometric analysis of vascularity in normal buccal mucosa, leukoplakia, and squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa

Abstract

Context:Angiogenesis, the process that leads to the formation of new blood vessels, continues to be a topic of major scientific interest. There is an increasing hope that new discoveries will lead to newer therapies that target angiogenesis as a reliable option for disease therapy.Aims:The objective of this study was to assess the role of vascularity, correlation of morphometric aspects of vascularity, investigate its usefulness in the histopathological classification and prognosis in normal buccal mucosa (NBM), leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of buccal mucosa.Materials and Methods:The study sample consisted of 15 cases of NBM, 30 cases of leukoplakia, and 30 cases of SCC of buccal mucosa. The 75 archival samples were stained by hemotoxylin and eosin (H and E) and Masson's trichrome (MT). The stained sections were analyzed using image analysis software.Statistical analysis used:Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 12.0 statistical software.Results:The combined mean vessel density (MVD) of all the cases in H and E was 0.1112 and for MT it was 0.2150. The difference of MVD between H and E and MT was statistically significant. The mean MVD in SCC (0.3455) for MT was higher than NBM (0.1314) and leukoplakia (0.1263). The mean MVD increased from stage III (0.3563) to IV (0.5312). It also increased from NBM (0.1314) to hyperkeratosis (0.1505) and decreased from grade I (0.3556) to II (0.2795) of oral SCC (OSCC).Conclusions:MVD can be used as an adjunct with other diagnostic modalities. Further studies are needed to standardize baseline levels for different sites and age groups.

Semiquantifiable angiogenesis parameters in association with the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia

“…Angiogenesis is fundamental for the growth of solid tumours. Previous studies have suggested that parameters describing angiogenesis could be used for evaluation of aggressiveness and prognosis of OSCC . However, there exists inconsistent data on the increase in vascularity amongst varying degrees of oral dysplasia and carcinomas and its correlation with VEGF .…”

“…Shivamallappa et al opined that there exist distinct changes in angiogenesis associated with malignant lesions as compared to the pre‐cancerous stage. However, the drawbacks of these studies were that the samples of dysplasia were not graded as mild, moderate and severe . Tae et al reported no increase of MVD from adjacent normal epithelium to premalignant lesions to cancer but did not classify the premalignant lesions.…”

Difference in EGFR expression and mean vascular density in normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

“…10 Therefore, the understanding of angiogenesis is critical to comprehend the malignant transformation of epithelial lesions of the oral cavity such as OED or OSCC.…”

Utilidad de Tinción de Tricrómico de Masson en la Cuantificación de Densidad Media Vascular en Mucosa Oral Normal, Displasia Epitelial y Carcinoma Oral de Células Escamosas

“…Sullivan et al (2015) indicaron que este marcador presenta una alta sensibilidad en la tinción de vasos (100 %). CD-31 es una proteína transmembrana o molécula de adhesión ubicada en las células endoteliales (Moriyama et al, 1997;Pujari et al, 2013;Sullivan et al). Sin embargo, la detección contra CD31 mediante inmunohistoquímica necesita un procedimiento riguroso y altos costos.…”