Histological study on the effect of nicotine administration on the bone of adult male albino rat and the possible protective role of vitamin E

Abstract

We concluded that nicotine has hazardous effects on bone, and vitamin E has a protective role against nicotine.

Mineral composition, histomorphometry, and bone biomechanical properties are improved with probiotic, prebiotic, and symbiotic supplementation in rats chronically exposed to passive smoking: a randomized pre-clinical study

“…The passive chronic exposure of rats to cigarette smoke, for 189 days, led to a decrease in BMD and BMC parameters, which in humans is indicative of a predisposition to osteoporosis, as well as an increased risk of fractures (ELSHAWARBI et al, 2014;HERMIZI et al, 2009), reinforcing the already known deleterious effects of smoking. In both humans and animals, these deleterious effects have been related to the ability of cigarette smoke to modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota, inducing, in four weeks, in rats, a decrease in the population of Bifidobacterium spp.…”

“…FUNG et al (FUNG et al, 1999)reported that nicotine (active ingredient of cigarettes) reduced vitamin D storage and osteoblast activity in humans. A significant decrease in the area of the diaphysis and parameters that quantify bone resistance (maximum strength), resilience (energy), and concentration of minerals, phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium have also been reported in rats exposed to cigarette smoke (ELSHAWARBI et al, 2014) and are probably due to the effect of nicotine on the expression of the sialoprotein gene, a protein expressed by osteoblasts and having functions in osteogenic mineralization (NASH;PERSAUD, 1989).…”

“…enhancing the degradation of phytates by probiotic bacterial enzymes, resulting in improved bowel health and maximization of nutrient absorption, as well as improving the health of the host in general (SCHOLZ-AHRENS et al, 2007). Among the compounds of cigarette smoke, studies have observed that nicotine may cause deleterious effects on the chemical composition and organization of bone micro architecture (ELSHAWARBI et al, 2014;RODRÍGUEZ-MARTÍNEZ;GARCÍA-COHEN, 2002), since it has a vasoconstrictor effect and entails the reduction in nutrient supply. In addition, nicotine also causes increased levels of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which exert an indirect effect on osteoblasts and osteoclasts (NORAZLINA et al, 2007).…”

“…In addition, nicotine also causes increased levels of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which exert an indirect effect on osteoblasts and osteoclasts (NORAZLINA et al, 2007). The stimulation of osteoclast formation, through the proliferation of its precursors in the bone marrow and activation of pro-osteoclastogenic activity in stromal cells, interrupt the normal balance of formation, leading to increased bone resorption (ELSHAWARBI et al, 2014) and the inhibition of osteogenesis (FUNG et al, 1999). In addition, the direct cellular effects of smoking on bone include alterations in calciotropic hormone metabolism (KRALL; DAWSON-HUGHES, 1999) and may decrease the activity Figure 2 -Thickness measurements of the diaphysis of the femurs of the groups of rats supplemented or not with functional foods: probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics.…”

“…Tobacco smoke (T) is a complex, dynamic, and reactive mixture containing approximately 5,000 chemicals (NAGAIE et al, 2014) and is associated with a decrease in bone mass; therefore, being considered a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis in humans (HERMIZI et al, 2009), in Tribst et al addition, nicotine smoke has a direct action on bone metabolism, influencing the remodeling process (ELSHAWARBI et al, 2014).…”