Histological study of the thin skin of a migratory song bird

Yadav, Garima; Majumdar, Gaurav; Singh, Namram S.

doi:10.1111/azo.12349

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…It is softer and stretchier in aquatic species and webs occur between the toes as skin derivatives. The hard dorsal side of the claw skin grows faster than the soft ventral part and this gives the claw its curvature (O'Malley, 2005; Spearman & Hardy, 1985; Stettenheim, 2000; Yadav et al, 2021).…”

Section: Avesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of vertebrate skin structure at class level: A review

Akat

Yenmiş

Pombal

et al. 2022

The Anatomical Record

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The skin is a barrier between the internal and external environment of an organism. Depending on the species, it participates in multiple functions. The skin is the organ that holds the body together, covers and protects it, and provides communication with its environment. It is also the body's primary line of defense, especially for anamniotes. All vertebrates have multilayered skin composed of three main layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis. The vital mission of the integument in aquatic vertebrates is mucus secretion. Cornification began in apmhibians, improved in reptilians, and endured in avian and mammalian epidermis. The feather, the most ostentatious and functional structure of avian skin, evolved in the Mesozoic period. After the extinction of the dinosaurs, birds continued to diversify, followed by the enlargement, expansion, and diversification of mammals, which brings us to the most complicated skin organization of mammals with differing glands, cells, physiological pathways, and the evolution of hair. Throughout these radical changes, some features were preserved among classes such as basic dermal structure, pigment cell types, basic coloration genetics, and similar sensory features, which enable us to track the evolutionary path. The structural and physiological properties of the skin in all classes of vertebrates are presented. The purpose of this review is to go all the way back to the agnathans and follow the path step by step up to mammals to provide a comparative large and updated survey about vertebrate skin in terms of morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology, and immunology.

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Section: Avesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of vertebrate skin structure at class level: A review

Akat

Yenmiş

Pombal

et al. 2022

The Anatomical Record

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Features of adaptation of the skin of turkeys in industrial conditions

Sidorova,

Veremeeva,

Krasnolobova

et al. 2024

jour

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The skin, through its structural features, while performing its functions, participates in the formation and establishment of adaptive processes in the bird’s body in response to the influence of factors of both exogenous and endogenous origin. The purpose of this work was to study the regional and agerelated features of the histostructure of the skin of Hybrid Converter NOVO cross tur keys raised in the conditions of a poultry farm in the Tyumen region. Macroscopic and microscopic studies of the skin of turkey poults were carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Anatomy and Physiology. It has been established that turkey skin has 3 layers: epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis consists of the horny and germinal layers, the dermis of the superficial and deep layers, where feather follicles lie. The stratum corneum of the epidermis is represented by corneocytes, and the germinal layer is represented by keratinocytes. The thickness of the skin of the back is less than that of the abdomen. At the same time, the thickness of the stratum corneum on the back is less than that of the germinal layer up to 105 days of age. On the abdomen, the thickness of the horny and germinal layers is almost the same at all ages. There is a thickening of the stratum corneum on the abdomen compared to the skin of the back. The skin is thickest on the abdomen and gradually thins towards the back. The epidermis is thin. The dermis is characterized by a dense interweaving of collagen fibers. Smooth muscle fibers in the skin and hair follicles develop by 42 days, and increase in volume by 105 days of age. The thinning of the feather cover in the sternum and belly area, caused by mechanical stress when poultry are kept on the floor, contributes to an increase in the absolute thickness of the epidermis in this area (about 3.5 times greater than in the back area), which is associated with its participation in protecting the skin from mechanical impacts damage.

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Histological study of the thin skin of a migratory song bird

Cited by 2 publications

References 38 publications

Comparison of vertebrate skin structure at class level: A review

Comparison of vertebrate skin structure at class level: A review

Features of adaptation of the skin of turkeys in industrial conditions

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