Histological evaluation of sodium percarbonate exposure on the gills of rainbow trout

Evaluation of sodium percarbonate as a bath treatment for amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon

“…data) in which such pigmentation changes were observed in fish exposed to freshwater containing 125-250 mg/L of H 2 O 2 for 30 min. The primary toxic effect of SPC is due to its H 2 O 2 content (Forwood, Harris, Landos, & Deveney, 2015) which can be attributed to its oxidizing Freshwater 10 dpt 1.0 1 1 4 0.0 n 100 mg/L SPC 10 dpt 1.8 1 3 5 0.8 n 500 mg/L SPC 10 dpt 3.0 2 4 4 0.4 n 1,000 mg/L SPC 10 dpt 3.2 1 5 5 0.7 n TA B L E 1 Histopathology score of gill damage in AGD-affected Atlantic salmon samples prior to bathing, and immediately and 10 days after treatment in freshwater containing 100, 500 or 1,000 mg/L SPC, as well as in AGD-affected salmon sampled 10 days after being bathed in freshwater for 2 hr effect in denaturing protein and lipid components of gill outer cell membranes. In our study, the peroxide concentration equates to approximately 27% of the SPC dose.…”

“…As examples, G. derjavini-infected rainbow trout fry showed no adverse reactions following exposure to 160 mg/L SPC for 18 hr at 8-10°C (Buchmann and Kristensson (2003)), I. necator-infected rainbow trout fry displayed mild adverse reactions following exposure to 120 mg/L SPC for 2 hr at 13°C, while H 2 O 2 at an equivalent relative concentration (30 mg/L) promoted a clear adverse reaction (Jaafar et al (2013). In I. multifiliis-infected rainbow trout juveniles exposed 4 times to 50-250 mg/L SPC for 1 hr over a 9-day period at 17°C, only those fish exposed to the highest concentration (equivalent to a 82 mg/L concentration of H 2 O 2 ) displayed impaired swimming, loss of equilibrium and mild gill oedema, leading the authors to recommend that SPC is safe to use reiteratively at ≤150 mg/L in fish at similar-level infections, stocking density and water temperature (Forwood et al, 2015). (Bishop, Stern, Fleischman, & Marshall, 1968).…”

“…(2013). In I. multifiliis ‐infected rainbow trout juveniles exposed 4 times to 50–250 mg/L SPC for 1 hr over a 9‐day period at 17°C, only those fish exposed to the highest concentration (equivalent to a 82 mg/L concentration of H 2 O 2 ) displayed impaired swimming, loss of equilibrium and mild gill oedema, leading the authors to recommend that SPC is safe to use reiteratively at ≤150 mg/L in fish at similar‐level infections, stocking density and water temperature (Forwood et al., 2015).…”

Collective monograph «Sustainable Development: Environmental Protection. Energy Saving. Sustainable Environmental Management»

“…The advantages of sodium percarbonate as a "solid hydrogen peroxide carrier" compared to hydrogen peroxide in the liquid phase were considered. The (Forwood, Harris, Landos & Deveney, 2015).…”

“…Високий окиснювальний потенціал натрію перкарбонату (1,8 В) (Yu et al, 2021) зумовлює його використання для окиснення органічних полютантів водних середовищ, як компоненту пральних порошків й антисептичних засобів , для пригнічення активності мікроорганізмів (Więckol-Ryk, Białecka and Thomas, 2020; Srisaikham, Isobe and Suksombat, 2017), як лікувального засобу для боротьби з ектопаразитарними інфекціями риб (Forwood et al, 2015). Іншими напрямами застосування окиснювальної дії натрію перкарбонату є такі: запобігання евтрофікації водойм (Thoo, Siuda and Jasser, 2020); зменшення мутності фільтрату звалищ перед його обробленням ультрафіолетовим (УФ) випромінюванням (Iskander, Novak, Brazil & He, 2017); зменшення обростання мембран водоростями у мембранних технологіях очищення води (Cheng et al, 2021).…”