Histological and immunohistochemically profiles of renal cell carcinoma in northern Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction:Histologically, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is classified into predominantly clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma (PC), chromophobe carcinoma, collecting ducts of Bellini carcinoma and Xp11 carcinoma. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate histological profile and staining patterns of RCC subtypes. Materials and Method: All cases of RCC histologically diagnosed in the pathology department of a teaching hospital in northern Nigeria in 2015 were stained using a panel of 34ẞE12, CK7, RCC-ma and CD10 antibodies. Results: Around 23 cases of RCC, at stage III, were diagnosed. Male: Female ratio was 1:1.9 with a mean age of 40±13 years. The tumors comprised of 11 (47.8%), cases of clear cell (CC) carcinoma, 7 (30.4%) cases of PC, 4 (17.4%) cases of chromophobe carcinoma and a case (4.4%) of Xp11.2associated carcinoma. Eighty-eight percent of the CC carcinomas were RCC-ma+, 63% were CD10+ while 50% were CK7+. Seventy-five percent of the PCs were RCC-ma+ and 50% were CD10+. The chromophobe (CP) and the Xp11.2-associated carcinomas were only positive for RCC-ma and CD10. All cases of PCs, chromophobe and Xp11.2 related carcinomas were negative for CK7, and all were 34ẞE12 negative. Conclusion: In contrast to populations with high incidence of RCC, our patients are predominantly female, younger, presented at higher stages and mostly presented with CC carcinoma. AbstractCitation: Akinfenwa AT, Jareenat AO, Noah DT. Histological and immunohistochemically profiles of renal cell carcinoma in northern Nigeria. Immunopathol

A prospective observational study of the epidemiology and pathological profile of RCC in a South African referral centre

“…An exception to this is the relatively high incidence of papillary Type II RCC compared to Type I. Our pathological profile also differed markedly from that seen in the aforementioned study from Nigeria [5]. Larger studies will need to confirm this finding, which might be due to underlying genetic differences or environmental factors in our population.…”

“…This is in keeping with that seen in Europe and the USA where 58-89% of tumours are < 7 cm (pT1) [20]. It is a lower stage compared to data in the rest of Africa, where RCC tends to present at a more advanced stage [5,6]. This may reflect differences in access to healthcare and imaging, but further studies to define genetic and tumour characteristics in African populations are needed.…”

“…The mean age of our study population was 56 years, which is younger than that reported in data from the USA and Europe, where the incidence peaks in the seventh decade, but not as young as in the rest of the African continent, where mean age of presentation is typically in the fifth decade [5]. This trend continues in the USA, where African American patients tend to present at a younger age [4].…”

“…Studies from the USA have shown a significantly increased incidence of RCC and lower associated survival rate in African American and Hispanic patients, with poorer survival in African American patients, despite presenting at a younger age and earlier stage [3,4] Possible explanations include socioeconomic factors, increased presence of comorbidities such as hypertension, or genetic factors [4]. Presentation in Africa is typically at a younger age and with a more advanced stage [5,6].…”

“…Histologically the most common forms of RCC are clear cell RCC (70-75%), papillary RCC (10%) and chromophobe RCC (5%) [12]. Data from Africa are lacking, but one study from Nigeria showed a marked difference in pathological profile compared to global data, with clear cell (47%) comprising a much lower proportion of cases than usual, while papillary RCC (30%) and chromophobe RCC (17%) were more common than global incidences [5].…”