Histopathologic Patterns of Urological Malignancies in Calabar, South-Southern Nigeria: A Ten-Year Review

Isiwele, Edoise M.; Bassey, Iya Eze; Ikpi, Edet; Enakirerhi, G; Otobo, Fidelis O.; Essiet, A; Ekwere, Paul D.

doi:10.9734/jcti/2018/43949

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In this study under review, majority of the patients were males (92.7%), this is similar to previous studies. 2,4 All the patients we studied were coincidently among adults only, which is contrary to the earlier reports of, Isiwele, Abdulkadir and Dauda et al in which children were affected and constituted 2.8, 2.9 and 7.6% respectively, this could be due to shorter period of our study with a corresponding smaller sample size. 2,4,5 Cancer of the prostate was the commonest UC observed (73.8%) which corresponds to earlier studies of Isiwele, Bowa, and Ouedraogo et al in Nigeria, Zambia and Burkina Faso respectively.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Review of urological cancers in Damaturu, Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Background: Urological cancers (UC) remain a major global burden and a significant cause of high morbidity and mortality. In other to plan and tackle this burden, there is need to audit the pattern of these malignancies in our locality which is currently lacking. Hence, the objectives of our study were to describe the histological pattern, frequency and demographic characteristics of urological cancers seen in Damaturu.Methods: The reports of all the urological specimens that were histologically diagnosed as malignant between November 2017 to October 2019 in the histopathology department of Yobe state university teaching hospital, were analyzed. The department keeps newly established cancer registry for the state.Results: Fifty-five UC were diagnosed, with male to female ratio of 13.8:1. These UC constitute 34.1% of the 161 urological specimens assessed and 26.4% of all types of medical cancers diagnosed in the period of study. Prostate cancer dominates the UC (41; 73.8%), followed by bladder cancers (11; 19.8%) and the remaining kidney, penis and testicular cancers (1; 1.8%) each.Conclusions: Urological cancers are very common in our region, particularly prostate cancers in which majority were poorly differentiated. This report though analyzed few cancers, the proportion of UC is high. Urothelial cancer of the bladder is now more frequent than squamous cell carcinoma. This study can serve as basis for future epidemiologic studies targeting at the risk factors, awareness and prevention of UC.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Review of urological cancers in Damaturu, Nigeria

et al. 2021

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“…In West Africa, the frequency distribution of BPH and PCa across all age groups appears to be similar due to the fact that the peak incidence of both diseases occurs in the age group of 60–69 years [ Figure 2 and Table 1 ]. [ 23 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 ] Although the symptoms of PCa and BPH are also similar, the latter is yet to be established as a direct precursor for the former. However, according to a prospective study carried out by Aghaji and Odoemene,[ 44 ] 92% of patients (age range = 64–89 years) who were diagnosed with BPH developed PCa one to 10 years postprostatectomy (mean time interval = 6.6 years).…”

Section: Mortality-to-incidence Ratios and Screening For Prostate Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 46 ] Again, these figures show that the prevalence of high-risk PCa is higher in West Africa and Asia [ Table 3 ] than in the USA. [ 35 36 37 39 52 54 58 66 67 68 69 70 71 ] Unlike the GS system which revealed significantly and significantly higher prevalence of intermediate-risk and high-risk PCa in Asia than in West Africa ( P = 0.211 and P < 0.001, respectively), the more reliable GG system revealed significantly higher prevalence of both intermediate-risk (GG3) and high-risk (GG4/5) PCa in West Africa than in Asia ( P < 0.001). The tool shows that patients with GG1, GG2, GG3, GG4, and GG5 have risk-free survival of 96%, 88%, 63%, 48%, and 26%, respectively.…”

Section: Gleason Score Of Prostate Cancer In West Africa and Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 74 ] This report also shows that the prevalence of high-risk PCa is higher in West Africa and Asia [ Table 4 ] than in the USA. [ 33 35 36 37 58 60 74 75 76 ] In addition, the prevalence of high-risk PCa, based on PSA >10 ng/mL, is higher in West Africa than in Asia ( P < 0.001). This latter could be considered a tiebreaker between GS and GG patterns of risk stratification and supports the fact that the prevalence of high-risk PCa is higher in West Africa than in Asia.…”

Section: Gleason Score Of Prostate Cancer In West Africa and Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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High mortality risk of prostate cancer patients in Asia and West Africa: A systematic review

Okoye

2020

Avicenna J Med

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Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most preponderant cancer in men. It contributes to the high mortality-to-incidence ratio reported in West Africa and Asia largely due to low screening. The mortality risk is determined or predicted based on the prevalence of high-risk or aggressive PCa using a scoring or grading system such as Gleason score (GS), Gleason grade (GG), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. In this review, peer-reviewed articles found on databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed Central and, EMBASE were selected based on adherence to clinical guidelines for the classification of PCa. In West Africa and Asia, the result revealed that the frequency of high-risk PCa was 42% and 51.2% based on GS, 48.8% and 25.3% based on GG pattern, and 87.5% and 44.3% based on PSA level >10 ng/mL, respectively. Data revealed a high prevalence of high-risk PCa both in West Africa and Asia when compared with developed countries. However, the prevalence of high-risk PCa is higher in West Africa than in Asia. Studies have shown that high-risk PCas are associated with germline mutations and such mutations are prevalent in blacks and Asians than in whites. Thus, testing for germline mutations in patients with GS of ≥ 7, GG ≥ 3, high prostate density, low prostate volume, and PSA levels of >4.0 ng/mL may identify those at risk of developing lethal PCa and could reduce the mortality rates in Asia and West Africa.

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“…Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urological malignancy which accounts for 3% of all adult malignancies worldwide (Hafez, K. S. et al, 1999). In Calabar, South-Southern Nigeria it was found to account for 2.27% of adult urological malignancies in a study carried out in 2018 (Isiwele, E. M. et al, 2018). Renal cell carcinoma commonly metastasizes to the lungs, liver, bones and lymph nodes but less commonly to the head and neck region (Kelles, M. et al, 2012;& Altunsoy, E. et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%