Histologic tissue response to furcation perforation repair using mineral trioxide aggregate or dental pulp stem cells loaded onto treated dentin matrix or tricalcium phosphate

Abstract

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to compare the effect of treated dentine matrix (TDM) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds on odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in furcation perforations created in the pulp chamber floor of premolar teeth in dogs.Material and methodsDPSCs were isolated and cultured from the dental pulp of the maxillary left second and third premolars of dogs. The DPSCs were loaded on TCP (SC+TCP) and TDM (SC+TDM) scaffolds and inserted into intentionally perforated pulp chamber floors of premolars in dogs; six teeth were used for each group. Three more groups of six specimens were created, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), TDM, and TCP were inserted into the perforations to act as controls. An intact premolar and no treatment in the perforation site were used as positive and negative controls respectively. After 3 months, the animals were sacrificed and the type of inflammation, presence of dentine, continuation and type of cementum, type of connective tissue, and presence of foreign body reaction were evaluated, and significant differences were between groups determined using the Fisher’s exact test. The evaluation of the amount of inflammation and the percentage of new bone formation was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test.ResultsThe negative control group was associated with severe inflammation and granulation tissue formation. In the positive control group, intact periodontal tissues and no inflammation were observed. Dentine bridge formation was not seen in specimens of any group. The specimens in the SC+TDM group were associated with significantly more bone formation than other groups (P < 0.001). The amount of inflammation was less than 10 % in specimens of all groups with the exception of three specimens in the TCP group that were categorized as 10–30 %. Chronic inflammation without foreign body reactions was the major pattern of inflammation in groups. Formation of cementum with a cellular and continuous appearance was seen in all specimens.ConclusionsSC+TDM was associated with significantly more bone formation when used to repair uninfected furcation perforations in the premolar teeth of dogs.Clinical relevanceApplication of TDM as a biological scaffold in combination with DPSCs may offer an advantage during the repair of root perforation defects.

Human intrabony defect regeneration with micrografts containing dental pulp stem cells: A randomized controlled clinical trial

“…Previous investigations in the canine model demonstrated that DPSCs have the ability to regenerate periodontal tissues in surgically created intrabony defects (Khorsand et al., ) and to form new cementum in furcation perforations (Bakhtiar et al., ).…”

Animal models used in furcation perforation studies: A systematic review and comprehensive synthesis of model characteristics

“…Thus, 25 articles (Table ) were included in the study (Fig. ), 4 conducted in rodent models , 3 in non‐human primates and 18 in dogs .…”

“…The only exception was a study aiming to validate a new experimental model of FP . Eight authors also tested the use of adjuvant materials and/or substances, such as matrices and growth factors, in FP repair.…”

“…Of the 18 studies performed in dogs, six used Beagles , one used Labradors , one used German shepherds and 10 used mongrel dogs or the breed was not identified (). Dogs were either obtained from breeders or kennels, after inspection by a veterinarian, or from certified laboratories where animals were bred specifically for experimental use.…”

Application of Stem Cells in Oral Disease Therapy: Progresses and Perspectives

“…Theocharidou et al proved low-level laser irradiation treatment to be beneficial for odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization of DPSCs inside the bioceramic scaffolds, making this therapeutic modality promising for targeted dentin engineering (Theocharidou et al, 2016). DPSCs and treated dentine matrix scaffolds were found to associate with significantly more bone formation when used to repair uninfected furcation perforations in the premolar teeth of dogs (Bakhtiar et al, 2016). …”