Histologic and histomorphometric assessment of eggshell-derived bone graft substitutes on bone healing in rats

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the efficacy of the new formulations of eggshell-derived calcium carbonate in rats. Study Design: The study was conducted on 30 adult male rats. Four standardized and circular intrabony defects were created in the both maxilla and mandibula of each animal. Three different graft materials were prepared as follows: 1) Material A: Eggshell-derived calcium carbonate combined with carrageenan gel, 2) Material B: Eggshell-derived calcium carbonate combined with xanthan gum gel, and 3) Material C: Eggshell-derived calcium carbonate powder. The right mandibular defect sites were grafted with Material A in all animals, and defects on the left were grafted with Material B. Defects on the right side of maxilla were received Material C in all animals, and all left maxillary defects were remained untreated as controls. The animals were sacrificed either postoperatively on the 15th day, postoperatively on the 30th day or postoperatively on the 45th day. Histomorphometric measurements were made of the areas of newly formed bone, necrotic bone, fibrous tissue and residual graft material. Results: Material A exhibited the highest level of osteoid formation followed by Material B and Material C on the 45th day. In terms of osteoid formation, statistically significant differences were observed between graft materials and controls at 45th day compared to 15th and 30th day (p<0.05). Conclusions: Eggshell-derived graft substitutes in both gel and powder forms are biocompatible materials which may have the potential to enhance the new bone formation. Key words:Bone graft material, bone defects, eggshell, histopathological evaluation, rat.

Effect of a nanocomposite containing ostrich eggshell on calvarium healing in the rabbit: a pathologic study

“…Eggshell is ideal source for hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate (Neunzehn et al, 2015) which promotes the vascularization and wound procedure in the defect edges (Abdulrahman et al, 2014). Eggshell-derived graft substitutes enhance the new bone formation and higher levels of osteoid formation in the eggshell grafted defects (Uraz et al, 2013). It is suggested enhanced bone regeneration in the defect margins (Baliga et al, 1998) which our result was similar to their report.…”

“…The formulations of eggshell used as mineral and trace element supplying agent (Kattimani et al, 2014). In role of the eggshell-derived bone graft substitutes on bone healing in rats, it is reported eggshell-derived bone graft enhances the new bone formation (Uraz et al, 2013).…”

“…Fragmented ostrich eggshells were immersed in boiling sterile distilled water and the outer and inner shell membranes of the eggs were removed with forceps. The shells were crushed and sieved until particles (particle diameter, 1mm; porosity, 75%) were obtained (Uraz et al, 2013). Ostrich eggshell ground the into 300-500 µm pieces using an electrical mill, washed 3 times with distilled water, dried and steril-H. ALEMI, A. ASGHARI, G. ABEDI, A. AKBARZADEH, P. MORTAZAVI ized using ethylene oxide (Durmuş et al, 2003).…”

Eggshells as natural calcium carbonate source in combination with hyaluronan as beneficial additives for bone graft materials, an in vitro study

“…The basic approach of using eggshell particles for bone regeneration is not new, and some positive effects of the material were shown in different in vivo studies [ 22 , 6 , 23 , 11 , 9 , 10 , 1 , 24 , 25 ].…”

“…Due to the large number of positive, in vitro confirmed properties of hyaluronan, it has also been used in combination with bone replacement materials and bone matrix for bone regeneration in vivo. On the field of in vivo studies there are no results or data found in literature were hyaluronan is combined with eggshell powder to investigate its potential concerning bone regeneration, only with eggshell in combination with carrageena gel or xanthan gum gel as support system [ 25 ]. An increase of osteoid formation was shown by the use of the different carrier materials compared towards the negative control in bone defects of rats in vivo .…”