Histoire des drogues d'origine vegetale

Metabolomic analysis of Strychnos nux-vomica, Strychnos icaja and Strychnos ignatii extracts by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and multivariate analysis techniques

“…Finally, we analysed four collection samples from "false angostura", which is a falsification of angostura bark (Galipea officinalis). In the literature, from the 19 th and early 20 th century, the false angostura was generally described as "bark from S. nux-vomica imported from India", without more precision, the real origin of the samples remaining quite confused (Felter & Lloyd, 1898;Flückiger and Hanbury, 1878;Grieve, 1971;Tschirch, 1923). According to our PCA results, the false angostura bark should be classified as an S. nux-vomica root bark sample.…”

“…This proved to be a most dangerous adulteration, causing several deaths between 1804 and 1806 in Germany, Switzerland and Hungary. As a result, true angostura fell into disfavour, (the nux-vomica being called false angostura) (Flückiger and Hanbury, 1878;Grieve, 1971;Tschirch, 1923). We have analysed here four different samples of false angostura bark, to check if they were classified amongst S. nux-vomica samples.…”

Minor Diterpenoids from Cascarilla (Croton eluteriaBennet) and Evaluation of the Cascarilla Extract and Cascarillin Effects on Gastric Acid Secretion

“…Eluterin K (2 1. 1 H NMR (C6D6): δ 7.19 (s, H-15), 7.13 (s, H-16), 6.26 (s, H-14), 5.37 (m, H-7), 4.23 (d, J ) 11.0 Hz, H-20a), 4.15 (d, J ) 11.0 Hz, H-20b), 3.21 (dd, J ) 6.0, 2.9 Hz, H-3), 2.64 (dt, J ) 12.5, 3.7 Hz, H-12a), 2.36 (dt, J ) 12.5, 5.1 Hz, H-12b), 2.28 (m, H-8), 2.17 (overlapped, H-6a), 2.15 (overlapped, H-6b), 1.97 (dt, J ) 12.5, 5.1 Hz, H-11a), 1.94 (m, H-1a), 1.80 (dt, J ) 12.5, 3.7 Hz, Pharmacological Tests. Gastric acid secretion was measured in the isolated, lumen-perfused, stomach preparation of the mouse as previously described (11).…”

“…The bitter bark of the South American tree Croton eluteria Bennett (Euphorbiaceae), commonly known as cascarilla, has been widely used in traditional folk medicine as a replacement for Cinchona and Cascara, and to treat various diseases (1). Today, its major use is in the realm of aromatization, where its fragrance and bitter taste make it a popular ingredient of liqueurs (2).…”

“…Cascarilla has been under chemical scrutiny since the beginning of natural products chemistry. Thus, cascarillin (1, Figure 1), its major constituent, was first isolated in 1845 (1) and stands out as the first diterpenoid obtained in pure form from a plant source. The structural elucidation of cascarillin was painfully slow and was only achieved in 1966, through X-ray analysis of its 7-deacetyl-3 iodoacetate derivative (3).…”