Histiocytoses

Erythematous, yellowish plaque on the face of a child

“…Juvenile xanthogranuloma is the most common histiocytic disease, occurring predominantly in infancy and early childhood 1–5 . However, atypical clinical forms are extremely rare and include keratotic, lichenoid, pedunculated, subcutaneous, clustered, intramuscular, plaque‐type, and giant lesions 2–4 .…”

“…Although the etiology of JXG remains unclear, it is frequently suggested that JXG is a reactionary proliferative process in which histiocytes are probably responding to a traumatic or infectious stimulus 1 …”

Juvenile xanthogranuloma-diagnostic challenge on fine-needle aspiration cytology

“…The major difficulty in clinical diagnosis is with nodular from of Langerhans cell disease. [7] Although stain for CD 68, CD1a and S100 may be necessary for differentiating two conditions,[1] meticulous examination of cells, particularly nuclear groove, may help in proper diagnosis of the condition. As the typical histologic picture of JXG is unmistakable, subsequent histopathological examination confirms the diagnosis.…”

Neonatal Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis: a rare and potentially life‐threatening disease

“…The classification of histiocytic disorders has been revised by the Writing Group of the Histiocyte Society into three different classes: Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) (Class I), histiocytosis belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system, or non‐LCH (Class II), and malignant clonal proliferations (Class III) 2 . LCH can damage various tissues by the accumulation of a clonal population of cells with a Langerhans’ (LH) cell phenotype 3 . The pertinent literature suggests that LCH is a reactive disorder, although it may also be neoplastic 2 .…”