Hispanic Older Adult Mortality in the United States: New Estimates and an Assessment of Factors Shaping the Hispanic Paradox

Lariscy, Joseph T.; Hummer, Robert A.; Hayward, Mark D.

doi:10.1007/s13524-014-0357-y

Cited by 152 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, blacks are less healthy, on average, and have a higher risk of being disabled than whites, which is reflected in a lower active life expectancy (Hayward and Heron 1999). The finding that Hispanics have a lower WLE than non-Hispanic whites cannot be explained by health because Hispanics compare favorably with blacks and whites in terms of both health and life expectancy (Lariscy et al 2015). Indeed, our decompositions suggest that mortality contributes negatively to (i.e., narrows) WLE differences between whites and Hispanics, and that the WLE difference is fully explained by lower levels of labor market attachment among the Hispanic population.…”

Section: Discussion Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Life Expectancy at Age 50 in the United States and the Impact of the Great Recession

Dudel

Myrskylä

2017

Demography

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A key concern about population aging is the decline in the size of the economically active population. Working longer is a potential remedy. However, little is known about the length of working life and how it relates to macroeconomic conditions. We use the U.S. Health and Retirement Study for 1992-2011 and multistate life tables to analyze working life expectancy at age 50 and study the impact of the Great Recession in [2007][2008][2009]. Despite declines of one to two years following the recession, in 2008-2011, American men aged 50 still spent 13 years, or two-fifths of their remaining life, working; American women of the same age spent 11 years, or onethird of their remaining life, in employment. Although educational differences in working life expectancy have been stable since the mid-1990s, racial differences started changing after the onset of the Great Recession. Our results show that although Americans generally work longer than people in other countries, considerable subpopulation heterogeneity exists. We also find that the time trends are fluctuating, which may prove troublesome as the population ages. Policies targeting the weakest performing groups may be needed to increase the total population trends.

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Section: Discussion Main Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Life Expectancy at Age 50 in the United States and the Impact of the Great Recession

Dudel

Myrskylä

2017

Demography

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“…Other populations with universal health care systems still show high SES gradients in health outcomes (24). Furthermore, the Hispanic population in the United States shows modest SES gradients under the same health care system that produces high health inequality in the rest of society (25,26). An important literature (27) postulates that psychosocial pathways link social hierarchy and health above and beyond material resources and access to health care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring why Costa Rica outperforms the United States in life expectancy: A tale of two inequality gradients

Rosero-Bixby

Dow

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Mortality in the United States is 18% higher than in Costa Rica among adult men and 10% higher among middle-aged women, despite the several times higher income and health expenditures of the United States. This comparison simultaneously shows the potential for substantially lowering mortality in other middleincome countries and highlights the United States' poor health performance. The United States' underperformance is strongly linked to its much steeper socioeconomic (SES) gradients in health. Although the highest SES quartile in the United States has better mortality than the highest quartile in Costa Rica, US mortality in its lowest quartile is markedly worse than in Costa Rica's lowest quartile, providing powerful evidence that the US health inequality patterns are not inevitable. High SES-mortality gradients in the United States are apparent in all broad cause-of-death groups, but Costa Rica's overall mortality advantage can be explained largely by two causes of death: lung cancer and heart disease. Lung cancer mortality in the United States is four times higher among men and six times higher among women compared with Costa Rica. Mortality by heart disease is 54% and 12% higher in the United States than in Costa Rica for men and women, respectively. SES gradients for heart disease and diabetes mortality are also much steeper in the United States. These patterns may be partly explained by much steeper SES gradients in the United States compared with Costa Rica for behavioral and medical risk factors such as smoking, obesity, lack of health insurance, and uncontrolled dysglycemia and hypertension.adult mortality | socioeconomic status | inequality |

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“…Generally, racial/ethnic minorities, non-Hispanic blacks in particular, are observed to have higher mortality risks than non-Hispanic whites (Borrell et al 2010;Duru et al 2012;Eberstein et al 2008;Hummer and Chinn 2011;Rogers et al 2000). In contrast, the 'Hispanic Paradox' describes a phenomenon in which individuals of Hispanic race/ethnicity have been repeatedly observed to have similar or lower mortality risk than non-Hispanic whites despite the fact that Hispanics, in aggregate, tend to have socioeconomic status profiles comparable to non-Hispanic blacks (Abraido-Lanza et al 1999;Arias et al 2010;Lariscy et al 2015;Markides and Coreil 1986;Markides and Eschbach 2005;Palloni and Arias 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Allostatic Load on Racial/Ethnic Mortality Differences in the United States

Howard

Sparks

2016

Popul Res Policy Rev

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This study expands on previous findings of racial/ethnic and allostatic load (AL) associations with mortality by addressing whether differential AL levels by race/ethnicity may explain all-cause mortality differences. This study used data from the third National Health and Nutrition Survey public-use file, gathered between 1988 and 1994, with up to 18 years of mortality follow-up (n = 11,733). AL scores were calculated using a 10-biomarker algorithm based on clinically determined thresholds. Results of discrete-time hazard models suggest that AL is associated with increased mortality risks, independent of other factors, including race/ethnicity and SES. The results also suggest that the AL-mortality association is stronger for non-Hispanic blacks than for non-Hispanic whites, and that at low levels of AL observed mortality differences between non-Hispanic blacks and nonHispanic whites are non-significant. These findings suggest that mortality differences between non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites may be the result of how early life exposure causes premature aging and increased mortality risks. More attention to resource allocation and local environments is needed to understand why non-Hispanic blacks experience premature aging that leads to differential mortality risks compared to non-Hispanic whites.

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Hispanic Older Adult Mortality in the United States: New Estimates and an Assessment of Factors Shaping the Hispanic Paradox

Cited by 152 publications

References 26 publications

Working Life Expectancy at Age 50 in the United States and the Impact of the Great Recession

Working Life Expectancy at Age 50 in the United States and the Impact of the Great Recession

Exploring why Costa Rica outperforms the United States in life expectancy: A tale of two inequality gradients

The Effects of Allostatic Load on Racial/Ethnic Mortality Differences in the United States

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