“…The question of Western European nationalism is marked by a political turn to the Right, which has been gradually building towards its peak at the time of the nationalism, is inclusive of a certain strata of the community, who 'were either disillusioned by the racial hostilities brought on by the participation in the societal mainstream or dislocated from the centre of social and economic life altogether.' (Watkins, 2001, p.381) The dislocation is epitomised in hip-hop and rap music by the disenfranchised and 'disadvantaged populations' of the USA's 'inner cities' and France's banlieues (Quittelier, 2015). Instead, the use of hip-hop, in particular, offers an alternative form of representation for excluded communities and for youth cultures.…”