“…After 28 days of exposure to either nicotine or PBS pretreatment, the animals underwent unilateral hindlimb ischemia by ligation and excision of the common femoral artery from the inguinal ligament to the popliteal artery. 22 , 23 The mice were then treated with 1 × 10 6 bioluminescently labelled iPSC-ECs by intramuscular injection into the gastrocnemius muscle on day 0 and again on day 7 after hindlimb ischemia ( Fig 1 , B). Additional mice were randomized to receive nicotine pretreatment without cell implantation.…”