Hin und zurück – die Entwicklung von LiNiO₂ als Kathodenaktivmaterial

Abstract

Wir geben in diesem Aufsatz einen umfassenden Überblick über LiNiO2 (LNO), fast 30 Jahre nach seiner ursprünglichen Einführung als Kathodenaktivmaterial. Ziel ist es, diejenigen physikalisch‐chemischen Eigenschaften hervorzuheben, die LNO in jeder Hinsicht zu einem komplexen Material machen. Der Effekt der Lithium‐Nichtstöchiometrie (Li1−zNi1+zO2) spielt hierbei eine wichtige Rolle. Sie beeinflusst jede Eigenschaft von LNO, besonders das elektrochemische Verhalten. Die wichtigsten Instabilitätsprobleme, die das Material beeinträchtigen, und die Strategien, die bislang implementiert wurden, um diese Probleme zu lösen, werden im Detail diskutiert. Schließlich werden die wichtigsten offenen Fragen, die vor einer nachhaltigen Nutzung von LNO noch zu klären sind, zusammengefasst, und es wird erläutert, welche Forschungsrichtungen vielversprechend sind, um das volle Potential von LNO zu nutzen.

Constructing “Li-rich Ni-rich” oxide cathodes for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries

“…1a, LiNiO 2 is well crystalized in a typical layered structure with R% 3m symmetry in line with what has been reported previously. 19 Upon the addition of Li and Mo, the diffraction peaks are getting broader as observed from the evolution of the (003) peak (Fig. 1b) and ( 108) and ( 110) peaks (Fig.…”

“…A remaining doubt regards if the disordered rock-salt domain is a Li 4 MoO 5 -rich phase or a Li 1Àz Ni 1+z O 2 (z 4 0.38) structure; the latter is well-known to be cation-disordered due to a similar ionic radius between Li + (0.76 Å) and Ni 2+ (0.69 Å). 19,21 Therefore, one may consider the possibility of Li 1Àz Ni 1+z O 2 formation upon the introduction of lithium-consumable Mo 6+ (in forming Li 4 MoO 5 ) that deprives the Li ions in LiNiO 2 . However, this scenario can hardly occur in our case as we simultaneously put additional Li together with Mo into the structure; as a result, the composition can be written as dLiNiO 2 Á(1 À d)Li 4 MoO 5 .…”

“…Therefore, the domain with a disordered rock-salt structure is unlikely to be the Li 1Àz Ni 1+z O 2 (z 4 0.38) phase, as it normally appears with smoother charge/discharge curves due to the ''pillar'' effect of Ni 2+ in the Li layer that restrains layer gliding and hence the phase transitions. 19 To further validate the analysis above, non-Li-rich Li-Ni-Mo-O phases were also synthesized, namely, LiNi 1Ày Mo y O 2 (y = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08), for comparison. As shown in Fig.…”

Insights into the electronic structure of Fe–Ni thin-film catalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction using operando resonant photoelectron spectroscopy

“…Due to the restricted accuracy of the calculations, a component t, This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2023 however, is not trustworthy with calculated references. Furthermore, since both trivalent and tetravalent Ni compounds are unstable in air and in contact with moisture, 87 pristine experimental reference spectra are difficult to obtain. Common Ni 3+ -and Ni 4+ -reference samples, therefore, always contain Ni 2+ species.…”

Micron-Sized Monodisperse Particle LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Derived by Oxalate Solvothermal Process Combined with Calcination as Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which have a high energy density and long cycle life, have a wide range of applications in sustainable and renewable technologies, including portable electronic devices and electric vehicles (EVs), thus encouraging the research into LIBs [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Cathode materials with a high energy density are crucial to the performance of LIBs because the conventional anode (graphite) can transfer a higher specific capacity (372 mAh g −1 ) [ 5 ].…”