Highly time-resolved characterization of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 in a humid and acidic mega city in Sichuan Basin, China

Tian, Mi; Wang, HuanBo; Chen, Yang; Zhang, Leiming; Shi, Guangming; Liu, Yuan; Jia-yan, YU; Zhai, Chongzhi; Wang, Jun; Yang, Fumo

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.048

Cited by 91 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(Table 4), as well as the increase of NOR/SOR ratio, indicated that NO 2 oxidation under heavy pollution was more significant than SO 2 , and nitrate formation might play an important role in haze in the Sichuan Basin. The above result is also supported by the findings of Hewitt [34] and Tian et al [15]. It is worth noting that the high concentrations of nitrate in the study were mostly collected during hazy and humid weather with high sulfate and acidity.…”

Section: Formation Mechanism Of Nitrate and Sulfatesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…[15]. However, there was still an increase in NO 3 − (10.9 µg m −3 ) [15], which further highlights the importance of vehicular emissions in Chongqing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…CD and NJ suffered from higher loadings of K + (Table 1), and it was a diagnostic tracer for intensive biomass burning in the suburban regions [17]. [15]. However, there was still an increase in NO 3 − (10.9 µg m −3 ) [15], which further highlights the importance of vehicular emissions in Chongqing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Interestingly, it was reflected from the scatter plots ( Figure 3) that aerosol acidity increased with the level of AE, indicating PM 2.5 samples under heavy pollution were mostly acidic. Tian et al [15] also found increased acidity with aerosol pollution level. High humidity and low wind speed were common meteorological conditions for heavy pollution [27].…”

Section: Stoichiometric Analysis Of Cations and Anionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Thus, the details of nitrate formation are discussed below. [12,15,28]. In Figure 5, the study were mostly collected during hazy and humid weather with high sulfate and acidity.…”

Section: Formation Mechanism Of Nitrate and Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and Sources of Water-Soluble Ions in PM2.5 in the Sichuan Basin, China

et al. 2019

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To track the particulate pollution in Sichuan Basin, sample filters were collected in three urban sites. Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) were explored and their sources were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). During 2012–2013, the PM2.5 concentrations were 86.7 ± 49.7 μg m−3 in Chengdu (CD), 78.6 ± 36.8 μg m−3 in Neijiang (NJ), and 71.7 ± 36.9 μg m−3 in Chongqing (CQ), respectively. WSIIs contributed about 50% to PM2.5, and 90% of them were secondary inorganic ions. NH4+ and NO3− roughly followed the seasonal pattern of PM2.5 variations, whereas the highest levels of SO42− appeared in summer and autumn. PM2.5 samples were most acidic in autumn and winter, but were alkaline in spring. The aerosol acidity increased with the increasing level of anion equivalents. SO42− primarily existed in the form of (NH4)2SO4. Full neutralization of NH4+ to NO3− was only observed in low levels of SO42− + NO3−, and NO3− existed in various forms. SO42− and NO3− were formed mainly through homogeneous reactions, and there was the existence of heterogeneous reactions under high relative humidity. The main identified sources of WSIIs included coal combustion, biomass burning, and construction dust.

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Section: Formation Mechanism Of Nitrate and Sulfatesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…[15]. However, there was still an increase in NO 3 − (10.9 µg m −3 ) [15], which further highlights the importance of vehicular emissions in Chongqing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Stoichiometric Analysis Of Cations and Anionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Thus, the details of nitrate formation are discussed below. [12,15,28]. In Figure 5, the study were mostly collected during hazy and humid weather with high sulfate and acidity.…”

Section: Formation Mechanism Of Nitrate and Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and Sources of Water-Soluble Ions in PM2.5 in the Sichuan Basin, China

et al. 2019

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Fine particle pH during severe haze episodes in northern China

Liu

Song

Zhou

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

237

207

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Aerosol acidity plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. China emits large amounts of SO2, NOx, and NH3 into the atmosphere, but aerosol acidity is poorly characterized. In this study, simultaneous 1 h measurements of particulate and gaseous compositions along with the ISORROPIA‐II thermodynamic equilibrium model were used to study aerosol acidity during severe haze episodes in northern China. The summed concentration of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium was 135 ± 51 μg/m3 with a maximum of 250 μg/m3, and the gas‐phase NH3 mixing ratio was 22 ± 9 ppb. Fine particles were moderately acidic, with a pH range of 3.0–4.9 and an average of 4.2, which was higher than those in the United States and Europe. Excess NH3 and high aerosol water content are responsible for the relatively lower aerosol acidity. These results suggest that the new pathways for sulfate production in China proposed by recent studies should be revisited.

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Seasonal variations and source apportionment of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2019

J Atmos Chem

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Highly time-resolved characterization of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 in a humid and acidic mega city in Sichuan Basin, China

Cited by 91 publications

References 31 publications

Characteristics and Sources of Water-Soluble Ions in PM2.5 in the Sichuan Basin, China

Characteristics and Sources of Water-Soluble Ions in PM2.5 in the Sichuan Basin, China

Fine particle pH during severe haze episodes in northern China

Seasonal variations and source apportionment of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China

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