Highly stretchable, self-adhesive, biocompatible, conductive hydrogels as fully polymeric strain sensors

Zhang, Dong; Tang, Yanan; Zhang, Yanxian; Yang, Fang; Liu, Yonglan; Wang, Xiaoyu; Yang, Jintao; Gong, Xiong; Zheng, Jie

doi:10.1039/d0ta07390c

Cited by 156 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In situ polymerization of conductive polymer monomers onto nanostructured flexible templates (CNF, CNC) to synthesize hydrogels with a stable, flexible, continuous conductive network thereby improves electrochemical and mechanical properties of the hydrogels [218][219][220][221]. Han et al [222] prepared PANI/CNF nanocomposites by dispersing aniline on CNFs by in situ polymerization.…”

Section: Self-healing Hydrogel With Conductive Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healing Mechanism and Conductivity of the Hydrogel Flexible Sensors: A Review

Zhang

Wang

Wei

et al. 2021

Gels

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Sensors are devices that can capture changes in environmental parameters and convert them into electrical signals to output, which are widely used in all aspects of life. Flexible sensors, sensors made of flexible materials, not only overcome the limitations of the environment on detection devices but also expand the application of sensors in human health and biomedicine. Conductivity and flexibility are the most important parameters for flexible sensors, and hydrogels are currently considered to be an ideal matrix material due to their excellent flexibility and biocompatibility. In particular, compared with flexible sensors based on elastomers with a high modulus, the hydrogel sensor has better stretchability and can be tightly attached to the surface of objects. However, for hydrogel sensors, a poor mechanical lifetime is always an issue. To address this challenge, a self-healing hydrogel has been proposed. Currently, a large number of studies on the self-healing property have been performed, and numerous exciting results have been obtained, but there are few detailed reviews focusing on the self-healing mechanism and conductivity of hydrogel flexible sensors. This paper presents an overview of self-healing hydrogel flexible sensors, focusing on their self-healing mechanism and conductivity. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of different types of sensors have been summarized and discussed. Finally, the key issues and challenges for self-healing flexible sensors are also identified and discussed along with recommendations for the future.

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Section: Self-healing Hydrogel With Conductive Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healing Mechanism and Conductivity of the Hydrogel Flexible Sensors: A Review

Zhang

Wang

Wei

et al. 2021

Gels

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“…Acrylamide and NaCl [74] Silk fibroin and CaCl 2 [75,76] Incorporating nanomaterial Graphite oxide (GO), polydopamine, and polyacrylamide (PAM) [77] Carbon nanotude (CNT), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) [78] TA, polydopamine, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) [79] CNT, graphene, and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) [80] Utilizing conductive polymer Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) [81] PEDOT:PSS and poly(HEAA-co-SBAA) [82] PAM, Chitosan, and polypyrrole (PPy) [83] TA and PPy [84] PVA, PEDOT, and carbon fabric [85] (Continues)…”

Section: Dissolving Ion Species Into Hydrogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al developed bioadhesive based on PEDOT:PSS incorporated with zwitterions. [82] The zwitterions provide hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and chain entanglement within the PEDOT:PSS; therefore, it enhances mechanical stretchability and toughness as well as the adhesive property. The PEDOT:PSS-zwitterions mixture for bioadhesive material showed significantly high strain sensitivity even at a strain of 900%, which holds great promise for broad wearable biosensor applications.…”

Section: Electrically Conductive Bioadhesivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational engineering and applications of functional bioadhesives in biomedical engineering

Park

Kim

Chun

et al. 2021

Biotechnology Journal

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For the past decades, several bioadhesives have been developed to replace conventional wound closure medical tools such as sutures, staples, and clips. The bioadhesives are easy to use and can minimize tissue damage. They are designed to provide strong adhesion with stable mechanical support on tissue surfaces. However, this monofunctionality of the bioadhesives hinders their practical applications. In particular, a bioadhesive can lose its intended function under harsh tissue environments or delay tissue regeneration during wound healing. Based on several natural and synthetic biomaterials, functional bioadhesives have been developed to overcome the aforementioned limitations. The functional bioadhesives are designed to have specific characteristics such as antimicrobial, cell infiltrative, stimuli-responsive, electrically conductive, and self-healing to ensure stability under harsh tissue conditions, facilitate tissue regeneration, and effectively monitor biosignals. Herein, we thoroughly review the functional bioadhesives from their fundamental background to recent progress with their practical applications for the enhancement of tissue healing and effective biosignal sensing.Furthermore, the future perspectives on the applications of functional bioadhesives and current challenges in their commercialization are also discussed.

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“…However, due to the intrinsic irreversibility of the covalent crosslinking, these reported conductive DN hydrogel had unsatisfactory self-healing ability, leading to low durability as the sensor. Therefore, developing a conductive DN hydrogels crosslinked by physical interactions may be an effective way to prepare the flexible strain sensors ( Liu et al, 2017 ; Liu et al, 2018 ; Chen et al, 2019 ; Xia et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Conductive Organohydrogel With Ultrastretchability, Self-Healable and Freezing-Tolerant Properties for Wearable Strain Sensor

Feng

Jiang

et al. 2021

Front. Chem.

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Currently, stretchable hydrogel has attracted great attention in the field of wearable flexible sensors. However, fabricating flexible hydrogel sensor simultaneously with superstretchability, high mechanical strength, remarkable self-healing ability, excellent anti-freezing and sensing features via a facile method remains a huge challenge. Herein, a fully physically linked poly(hydroxyethyl acrylamide)-gelatin-glycerol-lithium chloride (PHEAA-GE-Gl-LiCl) double network organohydrogel is prepared via a simple one-pot heating-cooling-photopolymerization method. The prepared PHEAA-GE-Gl-LiCl organohydrogel exhibits favorable stretchability (970%) and remarkable self-healing property. Meanwhile, due to the presence of glycerol and LiCl, the PHEAA-GE-Gl-LiCl organohydrogel possesses outstanding anti-freezing capability, it can maintain excellent stretchability (608%) and conductivity (0.102 S/m) even at −40°C. In addition, the PHEAA-GE-Gl-LiCl organohydrogel-based strain sensor is capable of repeatedly and stably detecting and monitoring both large-scale human motions and subtle physiological signals in a wide temperature range (from −40°C to 25°C). More importantly, the PHEAA-GE-Gl-LiCl organohydrogel-based sensor displays excellent strain sensitivity (GF = 13.16 at 500% strain), fast response time (300 ms), and outstanding repeatability. Based on these super characteristics, it is envisioned that PHEAA-GE-Gl-LiCl organohydrogel holds promising potentials as wearable strain sensor.

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Highly stretchable, self-adhesive, biocompatible, conductive hydrogels as fully polymeric strain sensors

Abstract: Development of highly stretchable and sensitive soft strain sensors is of great importance for broad applications in artificial intelligence, wearable devices, and soft robotics, but it proved to be profound...

Cited by 156 publications

References 56 publications

Self-Healing Mechanism and Conductivity of the Hydrogel Flexible Sensors: A Review

Self-Healing Mechanism and Conductivity of the Hydrogel Flexible Sensors: A Review

Rational engineering and applications of functional bioadhesives in biomedical engineering

Ionic Conductive Organohydrogel With Ultrastretchability, Self-Healable and Freezing-Tolerant Properties for Wearable Strain Sensor

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