Highly stable macroinitiator/platinum/hydrocarbon nanofluids for efficient thermal management in hypersonic aircraft from synergistic catalysis

Wu, Xi; Chen, Xiaoyi; Jin, Shenda; He, Gang; Guo, Yihang; Fang, Wenjun

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.111797

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In summary, stably dispersed metal nanomaterials, such as Pd, Pt, and Au NPs, are effective catalysts for promoting hydrocarbon dehydrogenation and cracking, and are also preferred for quasi-homogeneous catalytic cracking. , Most current researches focus on the interaction between the protective agent and the metal surface to obtain nanoparticles that are stable in hydrocarbons. Although the synthesis methods of such NPs are simple, the interplay between the blocking agent and the metal surface limits the proportion of highly active atoms, and some protective agents even have toxic effects, thus hindering the catalytic activity of the nanoparticles. ,, Moreover, the secondary bond has a weak force and can be easily damaged by environmental influences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Strategy for High-Performance Integrated Catalysts for Cracking Hydrocarbon Fuels

Zhao

Bai

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In this study, we described the synthesis, characterization, and application of hyperbranched polymer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles (HEMNs) as integrated catalysts for the supercritical cracking of hydrocarbon fuels. The metal precursor was extracted into the organic phase using a hydrocarbon-soluble hyperbranched poly(amidoamine) (CPAMAM) and then reduced in situ by NaBH4 to produce HEMNs with virtually a single-size distribution. The monitoring of the preparation process by UV–vis demonstrated the feasibility of this encapsulation approach, and the successful synthesis of three different types of HEMNs, metal (Pd, Pt, Au)@CPAMAM, reflected the universality of this method. Compared with the existing catalyst octadecylamine-stabilized Pd nanoparticle, Pd@18N, HEMNs were superior in every aspect. The new encapsulation method allowed metal NPs to have a smaller particle size beneficial to their overall specific surface area and a higher proportion of active surface atoms for a better catalytic activity. Moreover, the space-limiting effect of the polymer allowed the three HEMNs to be highly dispersed in decalin and exhibited admirable stability under storage tests for up to 12 months and high-temperature stability tests at 180 °C. During the supercritical cracking of decalin, Pd@CPAMAM possessed a much better catalytic performance than Pd@18N and CPAMAM (which can also be used as a macroinitiator). To obtain the same heat sink of 3.02 MJ/kg, the temperature could be lowered from 725 to 701, 693, and 699 °C for Pd, Pt, and Au HEMNs, respectively. Pt HEMN turned out to be the best due to its excellent catalytic dehydrogenation/cracking performance, with the conversion of decalin increasing from 22.3 to 50.7% and the heat sink rising from 2.18 to 2.62 MJ/kg with the existence of 50 ppm Pt@CPAMAM, at 675 °C. The significant enhancements were ascribed to the synergistic catalysis through the remarkable abilities of nanometals to catalyze dehydrogenation/cracking of fuel, the supercritical stabilization effects from CPAMAM, and the initiation effects of the hyperbranched polymer CPAMAM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Strategy for High-Performance Integrated Catalysts for Cracking Hydrocarbon Fuels

Zhao

Bai

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The chemical heat sink of the EHF cracking reaction can be enhanced efficiently by catalysts. − In recent years, catalytic cracking has been proven to be an effective way to improve chemical heat sink by changing the selectivity of the target products. Appropriate catalysts can increase the heat-absorption capacity by improving the selectivity of preferred products (like low-carbon alkenes) and conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Appropriate catalysts can increase the heat-absorption capacity by improving the selectivity of preferred products (like low-carbon alkenes) and conversion. Based on related literatures, − two kinds of catalysts, including pseudo-homogeneous catalysts − and wall-coated catalysts, − are broadly studied for the EHF cracking reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pseudo-homogeneous catalysts are primarily dispersed active nanostructured catalysts in EHFs, in order to further improve the contact between the catalyst and reactant. Noble metal nanoparticles and modified noble metal nanoparticles , and nanozeolites − are the most widely studied pseudo-homogeneous catalysts applied to EHF cracking. Liu et al successfully prepared Pt@FGS (functionalized graphene sheets) to catalyze JP-10 cracking; the results showed that Pt@FGS exhibits good dispersibility, catalytic activity, and stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al successfully prepared Pt@FGS (functionalized graphene sheets) to catalyze JP-10 cracking; the results showed that Pt@FGS exhibits good dispersibility, catalytic activity, and stability. Fang et al studied the effect of macroinitiator-modified Pt nanoparticles on methylcyclohexane cracking and found that the heat sink over Pt@HMS increased by 20.7% (2.39 MJ/kg) at 650 °C compared to thermal cracking, due to the improved selectivity of hydrogen and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Liu et al reported the catalytic cracking of n -dodecane over a highly dispersed nano-HZSM-5 catalyst grafted with different alkyl groups; the results exhibited that the nano-HZSM-5 catalyst addition remarkably enhanced the conversion compared with thermal cracking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of a High-Stability Nanosized Pt-Loaded MgAl₂O₄ Catalyst for n-Decane Cracking with Enhanced Activity and Durability

Jiao

Chen

Wang

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Catalytic activity and stability, reflected in high conversion, heat sink, and time on stream, are the major concerns of endothermic hydrocarbon fuel cracking. In this work, we synthesized a stable MgAl2O4 spinel support by the co-precipitation method and a Pt/MgAl2O4 catalyst by the liquid-phase reduction-impregnation method (PMA-V) and incipient-wetness impregnation method (PMA). PMA-V showed a better catalytic activity and stability than PMA. Moreover, the heat sink and stability are significantly superior to the Pt-based catalysts in our previous published works. Through a series of catalyst characterization, we found that the high catalytic activity and stability over PMA-V are owing to the “accessible” Pt active sites with better dispersion and a smaller Pt size, which can efficiently alleviate Pt sintering, stronger metal–support interaction, suitable acidity–alkalinity, and a stable MgAl2O4 spinel structure. The valuable information provided in this work provides an effective approach to improve both catalytic activity and stability for hydrocarbon cracking.

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Research Progress of Catalysts and Initiators for Promoting the Cracking of Endothermic Hydrocarbon Fuels

Liu

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

Trans. Tianjin Univ.

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Catalytic/initiated cracking of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels is an effective technology for cooling a hypersonic aircraft with a high Mach number (over 5). Catalysts and initiators can promote fuel cracking at low temperatures, increase fuel conversion and the heat sink capacity, and suppress coke deposition, thereby reducing waste heat. Catalysts mainly include metal oxide catalysts, noble metal catalysts and metal nanoparticles, zeolite catalysts, nanozeolite catalysts, and coating catalysts. Moreover, initiators roughly include nitrogenous compounds, oxygenated compounds, and hyperbranched polymer initiators. In this review, we aim to summarize the catalysts and initiators for cracking endothermic hydrocarbon fuels and their mechanisms for promoting cracking. This review will facilitate the development of the synthesis and exploration of catalysts and initiators.

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Highly stable macroinitiator/platinum/hydrocarbon nanofluids for efficient thermal management in hypersonic aircraft from synergistic catalysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

New Strategy for High-Performance Integrated Catalysts for Cracking Hydrocarbon Fuels

New Strategy for High-Performance Integrated Catalysts for Cracking Hydrocarbon Fuels

Synthesis of a High-Stability Nanosized Pt-Loaded MgAl₂O₄ Catalyst for n-Decane Cracking with Enhanced Activity and Durability

Research Progress of Catalysts and Initiators for Promoting the Cracking of Endothermic Hydrocarbon Fuels

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Highly stable macroinitiator/platinum/hydrocarbon nanofluids for efficient thermal management in hypersonic aircraft from synergistic catalysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

New Strategy for High-Performance Integrated Catalysts for Cracking Hydrocarbon Fuels

New Strategy for High-Performance Integrated Catalysts for Cracking Hydrocarbon Fuels

Synthesis of a High-Stability Nanosized Pt-Loaded MgAl2O4 Catalyst for n-Decane Cracking with Enhanced Activity and Durability

Research Progress of Catalysts and Initiators for Promoting the Cracking of Endothermic Hydrocarbon Fuels

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Synthesis of a High-Stability Nanosized Pt-Loaded MgAl₂O₄ Catalyst for n-Decane Cracking with Enhanced Activity and Durability