Research Progress of Catalysts and Initiators for Promoting the Cracking of Endothermic Hydrocarbon Fuels

Liu, Yiyao; Chen, Ran; Liu, Jie; Zhang, Xiangwen

doi:10.1007/s12209-022-00315-0

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In this work, the addition of initiators to the three co-cracking reaction systems was set to 2 wt % initiators/98 wt % hexane. The initiator addition of 2 wt % was considered effective in promoting hydrocarbon cracking. , It is worth emphasizing that initiators might crack to form olefins. In order to eliminate the influence of the self-cleavage of initiators, this work set the addition of initiators to account for only 2 wt % of the hydrocarbon while maintaining the same water content in each reaction system.…”

Section: Methodology Of Initiated Cracking Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, the improvements in olefin products were not the focus, and a few initiators were believed to have an inhibitory effect on the production of olefins . Moreover, the application background of the above initiators was almost in the aerospace field . Aviation fuels were usually used under high pressure (3–5 MPa), and the temperature (500–700 °C) was relatively low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Temperature-Initiated Cracking of Hydrocarbons to Produce Olefins: Simulation and Comparison of Different Initiators

Ren,

Mao,

Shen

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Low-temperature-initiated cracking technology has significant potential to develop new hydrocarbon pyrolysis with better atomic economy and higher yields of light olefins. The impacts of three representative initiators, triethylamine (TEA), nitromethane (NM), and di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), were compared. Sufficiently detailed co-cracking reaction networks of three initiators with n-hexane were obtained through an automatic reaction network generator RMG, and the corresponding steam cracking tubular reactor simulation was performed. The results showed that the initiator with a lower cracking temperature brought about a more noticeable decrease in the cracking temperature of n-hexane. Both TEA and NM increased the carbon atom conversion from n-hexane to ethylene and propylene, especially propylene. NM was more significant, while DTBP was almost ineffective. Through kinetic parameter analysis, it was found that the temperature dependence of the key reaction caused different initiator performance. NM completely cracked at an appropriate temperature where the rate constants of the hydrogen abstraction and ethylene generation had reached a high level, and the released free radicals were effective. Visual reaction network analysis revealed that NM had a strong ability to release free radicals, and these free radicals significantly adjusted the competitive reaction path to produce ethylene and propylene, resulting in the most obvious effect on improving the conversion of n-hexane and the yield of propylene. The action laws of NM described above under hydrocarbon pyrolysis conditions indicate that NM may be the most suitable initiator for low-temperature-initiated cracking of hydrocarbons among these three initiator types.

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Section: Methodology Of Initiated Cracking Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature-Initiated Cracking of Hydrocarbons to Produce Olefins: Simulation and Comparison of Different Initiators

Ren,

Mao,

Shen

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…This approach facilitated a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the prepared slices. The study by Liu (2022) employed a traditional, reliable, and stable liquid-phase method to determine the quality of Corni Fructus, which included morroniside, sweroside, loganin, gallic acid, 5-HMF, protocatechuic acid, and cornuside I. The biological activity results indicated that these seven chemical ingredients could be used as Q-markers for evaluating the quality of Corni Fructus.…”

Section: Q-marker Prediction Analysis Of Neuroprotective Effects Exer...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Jiawei Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill: marker compounds, absorption into the serum (rat), and Q-markers identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS

Wu,

Ou,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: The Jiawei Kongsheng Zhenzhong pill (JKZP), a Chinese herbal prescription comprised of eight Chinese crude drugs, has been historically employed to treat neurological and psychological disorders. Nevertheless, the ambiguous material basis severely hindered its progress and application.Purpose: The current study aimed to establish a rapid analytical method for identifying the chemical components of the JKZP aqueous extract and the components absorbed into the rat serum to investigate the quality markers (Q-markers) responsible for the neuroprotective effects of JKZP.Methods: The qualitative detection of the chemical components, prototype components, and metabolites of the aqueous extracts of JKZP, as well as the serum samples of rats that were administered the drug, was performed using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography- quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technology. This analysis combined information from literature reports and database comparisons. Moreover, the study was conducted to anticipate the potential Q-markers for the neuroprotective effects of JKZP based on the “five principles” of Q-marker determination.Results: A total of 67 compounds and 111 serum components (comprising 33 prototypes and 78 metabolites) were detected and identified. Combining the principles of quality transmission and traceability, compound compatibility environment, component specificity, effectiveness, and measurability, the study predicted that five key compounds, namely, senkyunolide H, danshensu, echinacoside, loganin, and 3,6′-disinapoyl sucrose, may serve as potential pharmacological bases for the neuroprotective effects of JKZP.Conclusion: To summarize, the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique can be employed to rapidly and accurately identify compounds in JKZP. Five active compounds have been predicted to be the Q-markers for the neuroprotective effects of JKZP. This discovery serves as a reference for improving quality, advancing further research and development, and utilizing Chinese herbal prescriptions.

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“…By engaging thirdparty rating agencies, commercial banks can engage independent third-party rating agencies to assess and rate the non-performing assets, increasing the credibility and impartiality of the credit ratings. Liu and Kang believe that this is due to the improvement of market support measures [12].…”

Section: Solution To Credit Enhancement In Commercial Bank's Non-perf...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Improvement Path for Credit ABS of Commercial Banks—A Case Study of China Construction Bank

2024

SHS Web Conf.

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This article focuses on the current state of asset securitization in China Construction Bank (CCB). It conducts an in-depth analysis of two areas, namely non-performing asset securitization and green asset securitization, and explores suitable improvement approaches for these two domains. The analysis analyzed the basic information of China Construction Bank’s asset securitization, including market share and other relevant factors, and takes into account the domestic and international development status and historical path, and incorporates mainstream views in academia to propose practical and significant solutions.For non-performing asset securitization, the main improvements are targeted towards the credit enhancement system and methods. The suggested approaches include the introduction of insurance and risk diversification mechanisms, as well as market adjustments to enhance the credit enhancement capabilities of non-performing asset securitization.Regarding green asset securitization, the focus lies on the pricing system as the domestic market is still in its early stages of development. The suggested methods involve improving the foundation, establishing standards, and enhancing awareness.

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Research Progress of Catalysts and Initiators for Promoting the Cracking of Endothermic Hydrocarbon Fuels

Cited by 8 publications

References 72 publications

Low-Temperature-Initiated Cracking of Hydrocarbons to Produce Olefins: Simulation and Comparison of Different Initiators

Low-Temperature-Initiated Cracking of Hydrocarbons to Produce Olefins: Simulation and Comparison of Different Initiators

Jiawei Kongsheng Zhenzhong Pill: marker compounds, absorption into the serum (rat), and Q-markers identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS

The Improvement Path for Credit ABS of Commercial Banks—A Case Study of China Construction Bank

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