“…WO 3 , an n-type semiconductor with an excellent electrochromic, photochromic and gasochromic properties has been extensively used in variety of applications, including gas and temperature sensing, catalysis, electrochromic windows and displays, flat panel displays, solar energy devices and so on [3]. Many processes have been developed for the synthesis of WO 3 nanostructures, e.g., hydrothermal route [4], surfactant mediated method [5] sol-gel [6], chemical co precipitation [7], acidification method [8], and electrodeposition method [9]. Compared with the above processes, the microwave method has sparked much interest due to their operation simplicity, effective, low-cost route to synthesis, less time consuming (about 10 min), and for large-scale production [10].…”