Highly sensitive detection for stimulants using an aptamer functionalised gold nanoparticles

Shi, Hailong; Li, Qin; Li, Raoqi; Hu, Ti; Yao, Lei; Gao, Li

doi:10.1179/17535557b15y.000000003

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We can find quite a few examples in the literature where detection was achieved based on aptamer desorption from AuNPs. A careful study of the literature indicated that the amount of fluorescence increase was very small in those cases, often within 1-fold. ,, In those studies the amount of aptamers remaining on the surface was not determined. In our study, we used KCN to fully dissolve the AuNPs for quantification, and the increased fluorescence due to desorbed aptamers was very limited.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles Adsorb DNA and Aptamer Probes Too Strongly and a Comparison with Graphene Oxide for Biosensing

2019

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Using fluorescently labeled DNA oligonucleotides and nanomaterials for developing biosensors has been extensively reported for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) among others. These materials have vastly different affinities and mechanisms for interacting with DNA, and their analytical performance is likely to be different. In this work, we used several DNA sequences and, respectively, adsorbed them on AuNPs and GO to quench fluorescence. Different from previous work, we used KCN to fully dissolve the AuNPs to calculate the percentage of the desorbed DNA due to the complementary DNA (cDNA) and aptamer target. The desorbed probe DNA from the AuNPs was less than 5% for all of the targets including DNA, adenosine, Hg2+, and lysozyme, indicating a very strong DNA adsorption affinity. Desorption of DNA was achieved by adding HEPES buffer, NaCl, and As(III), but such desorption was attributed to the adsorption of these molecules or ions by the AuNPs instead of their interaction with the adsorbed DNA. For GO, more probes desorbed with addition of target analytes but so did nonspecific desorption by random DNA and proteins. In summary, AuNPs are unlikely to be a good surface for developing biosensors relying solely on the desorption of probe DNA, while for GO the main problem is nonspecific desorption.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles Adsorb DNA and Aptamer Probes Too Strongly and a Comparison with Graphene Oxide for Biosensing

2019

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“… [23] If an aptamer is specifically desorbed, higher fluorescence enhancement would be observed with its target than with other molecules. Based on the fluorescence enhancement, this method was also previously used for developing fluorescent sensors, although the maximal fluorescence enhancement was only about 1‐fold [70–73] . What we did differently was that at the end of the experiment, we added KCN to dissolve the AuNPs and fully release the adsorbed DNA, and over 50‐fold enhancement can be achieved for the three aptamers (lysozyme aptamer in Figure 3B, adenosine aptamer in Figure 3C, and Hg 2+ aptamer in Figure 3D).…”

Section: Label‐free Detection Of Aptamer Targetsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Based on the fluorescence enhancement, this method was also previously used for developing fluorescent sensors, although the maximal fluorescence enhancement was only about 1-fold. [70][71][72][73] What we did differently was that at the end of the experiment, we added KCN to dissolve the AuNPs and fully release the adsorbed DNA, and over 50-fold enhancement can be achieved for the three aptamers (lysozyme aptamer in Figure 3B, adenosine aptamer in Figure 3C, and Hg 2 + aptamer in Figure 3D). Therefore, the fraction of aptamer desorbed by target molecules was very small and without much difference from non-target molecules.…”

Section: Figure 2 (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Label‐Free Colorimetric Biosensors Based on Aptamers and Gold Nanoparticles: A Critical Review

Zhang

Liu

2020

Analysis & Sensing

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Taking advantage of the adsorption of single‐stranded DNA oligonucleotides by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the protection effect of the adsorbed DNA against salt‐induced aggregation of AuNPs, a label‐free colorimetric sensor for the detection of DNA was reported in 2004. Since then, the range of target molecules has extended from complementary nucleic acids to metal ions and small molecules by using aptamers. In the presence of target molecules, a blue color arising from aggregated AuNPs is expected. However, these sensors only considered aptamer binding to its target, and the adsorption of aptamers by AuNPs, while the target/AuNP interactions were ignored. We recently found that target adsorption can often dominate the system. In this Review, we list literature examples of using this label‐free strategy for sensing aptamer targets. Seven target analytes are discussed in detail. For As(III), dopamine, melamine, kanamycin, adenosine, and ATP, target adsorption dominated, and the same color change was observed even with non‐aptamer sequences. Only in the case of K+ detection, did the effect of specific aptamer binding dominate, attributable to weak K+/AuNP interactions. These examples call for a careful evaluation of target adsorption and the use of non‐aptamer control sequences in validating these sensors.

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“…The relative errors 31 of these replicates allowed us to calculate an LOD of 0.15 ng/L and to determine cocaine in water down to 1 ng/L. This LOD is 10 times lower than the lowest ones reported in literature for an embedded system 32,33 and aptamer-based electrochemical detection, [34][35][36] and can easily compete with standard laboratory techniques. 37 Assays with saliva and urine spiked with cocaine (1 and 100 ng/L) were also performed to ensure that the sensor was robust enough for analyzing complex aqueous matrixes.…”

Section: Detection Of Cocaine In Water Oral Fluid and Urine Samplesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for the trace analysis of cocaine in water and body fluids

Abdelshafi

Bell

Rurack

et al. 2018

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Quick but accurate testing and on-the-spot monitoring of cocaine in oral fluids and urine continues to be an important toxicological issue. In terms of drug testing, a number of devices have been introduced into the market in recent decades, notably for workplace inspection or roadside testing. However, these systems do not always fulfill the requirements in terms of reliability, especially when low cut-off levels are required. With respect to surface water, the presence of anthropogenic small organic molecules such as prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals as well as illicit drugs like cannabinoids, heroin, or cocaine, has become a challenge for scientists to develop new analytical tools for screening and on-site analysis because many of them serve as markers for anthropogenic input and consumer behavior. Here, a modular approach for the detection of cocaine is presented, integrating an electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed on antibody-grafted magnetic beads in a hybrid microfluidic sensor utilizing flexible tubing, static chip and screen-printed electrode (SPE) elements for incubation, recognition, and cyclic voltammetry measurements. A linear response of the sensor vs. the logarithm of cocaine concentration was obtained with a limit of detection of 0.15 ng/L. Within an overall assay time of 25 minutes, concentrations down to 1 ng/L could be reliably determined in water, oral fluids, and urine, the system possessing a dynamic working range up to 1 mg/L.

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Highly sensitive detection for stimulants using an aptamer functionalised gold nanoparticles

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Gold Nanoparticles Adsorb DNA and Aptamer Probes Too Strongly and a Comparison with Graphene Oxide for Biosensing

Gold Nanoparticles Adsorb DNA and Aptamer Probes Too Strongly and a Comparison with Graphene Oxide for Biosensing

Label‐Free Colorimetric Biosensors Based on Aptamers and Gold Nanoparticles: A Critical Review

Microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for the trace analysis of cocaine in water and body fluids

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