Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Arsenic Using Electrogenerated Nanotextured Gold Assemblage

Abstract

Arsenic is considered as a toxic heavy metal which is highly detrimental to ecological systems, and long-term exposure to it is highly dangerous to life as it can cause serious health effects. Timely detection of traces of active arsenic (As 3+ ) is very crucial, and the development of simple, cost-effective methods is imperative to address the presence of arsenic in water and food chain. Herein, we present an extensive study on chemical-free electrogenerated nanotextured gold assemblage for the detection of ultralow levels of As 3+ in water up to 0.08 ppb concentration. The gold nanotextured electrode (Au/GNE) is developed on simple Au foil via electrochemical oxidation–reduction sweeps in a metal-ion-free electrolyte solution. The ultrafine nanoscale morphological attributes of Au/GNE substrate are studied by scanning electron microscopy. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) response for different concentrations of arsenites is determined and directly correlated with As 3+ detection regarding the type of electrolyte solution, deposition potential, and deposition time. The average of three standard curves are linear from 0.1 ppb up to 9 ppb ( n = 15) with a linear regression coefficient R 2 = 0.9932. Under optimized conditions, a superior sensitivity of 39.54 μA ppb –1 cm –2 is observed with a lower detection limit of 0.1 ppb (1.3 nM) (based on the visual analysis of calibration curve) and 0.08 ppb (1.06 nM) (based on the standard deviation of linear regression). Furthermore, the electrochemical Au/GNE is also applicable for arsenic detection in a complex system containing Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Fe 2+ , Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ , and other ions for the selective and sensitive analysis. Au/GNE substrate also possesses remarkable reproducibility and high stability for arsenic detection during repeated analysis and thus can be employed for prolonged applications and reiterating analyses. This electrochemically generated nanotextured electrode is also applicable for As 3+ detection and analysis in a real water sample under optimized conditions. Therefore, fabrication conditions and analytical and electroanalytical performances justify that because of its low cost, easy preparation method and assembly, high reproducibility, and robustness, nanosensor Au/GNE can be scaled up for further applications.

Development of Nanosensors Based Intelligent Packaging Systems: Food Quality and Medicine

“…CQDs, organic fluorescent dyes, quantum dots, and rare earth metal ions have been combined to create ratiometric sensors for detecting Cu(II) in vegetable and fruit samples [49]. Babar et al [50] developed a low-cost gold nano-textured electrode for detecting arsenic in food and water. For selective and responsive examination, this electrochemical gold nano-textured electrode can be used to detect arsenic in a complex system comprising Fe 2+ , Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , and other ions [51].…”

Synthesis and sensing efficiency of CN-wrapped ZnFe2O4 microsphere–ionic liquid composites towards ultra-high sensitive arsenic(iii) monitoring of ground drinking water

“…The stripping peak current results from oxidation of As(0) into As (III) (Scheme 2). 23 The incorporation of CN, and further modification with IL leads to rapid shuttling of electrons by acting as an electron transport mediator, and prevents long term accumulation of metal ions on the surface, resulting in highly efficient system. The efficiency of the Zn-MS, CN@ZF-Ms and CN@ZF-Ms-IL electrodes can be evaluated by how well these can adsorb As(III), as this has a direct impact on the stripping peak current.…”

Miniaturized electrochemical biosensor based on whole‐cell for heavy metal ions detection in water

“…The effectiveness of this approach has been already demonstrated in several areas of medical field such us nucleic acids analysis (Petralia, Cosentino, et al, 2017; Petralia, Sciuto, Di Pietro, et al, 2017; Petralia, Sciuto, et al, 2017) glucose and biomolecules sensing (Petralia et al, 2018) where the electrochemical systems provided a high miniaturization degree and rapid, highly‐sensitive analysis (Petralia & Conoci, 2017). However, they present some drawbacks due to sample preparation introducing additional variability into the measurement (Toor et al, 2015), expensive fabrication costs due to functionalization of electrodes in case of enzyme‐based sensors (Fu et al, 2011; Pujol et al, 2014) and weak specificity for electrochemical sensors based on noble metal nanoparticle‐modified electrodes (Babar et al, 2019; Kumar et al, 2017; Majid et al, 2006; Petralia et al, 2012).…”