Highly Sensitive Amperometric Immunosensor for Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 in Serum of Humans with Malaria: Comparison with a Commercial Kit

Abstract

A disposable amperometric immunosensor was developed for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP-2) in the sera of humans with P. falciparum malaria. For this purpose, disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Au nanoparticles. The electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. In order to study the immunosensing performances of modified electrodes, a rabbit antiPfHRP-2 antibody (as the capturing antibody) was first immobilized on an electrode. Further, the electrode was exposed to a mouse anti-PfHRP-2 antibody from a serum sample (as the revealing antibody), followed by a rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin G-alkaline phosphatase conjugate.

Electrochemical immunosensor based on bismuth nanocomposite film and cadmium ions functionalized titanium phosphates for the detection of anthrax protective antigen toxin

“…Prior to modification, the bare GCE was polished with 0.05 μm alumina slurry and rinsed with water in an ultrasonic bath and allowed to dry in air. Firstly, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalised with carboxylic groups as per the procedure described in our previous report (Sharma et al, 2008). These functionalized…”

Preparation and Characterization of Imunosensors for Disease Diagnosis

“…The treatment also modified the carbon particles which underwent oxidation to form -COOH groups which can react with -NH 2 of thionine to form new -CO-NH-groups. Gold nanoparticles synthesized on multiwall carbon nanotube screen printed electrodes were also evaluated using cyclic voltammetry before and after modifications having Fe(CN) 6 3-/4-as redox probe (Sharma et al, 2008). The MWCNTs were treated with acid solution to produce COOH-MWCNT/SPE and these MWCNTs were mixed in a Nafion ® solution.…”

Carbon Nanotubes - A Potential Material for Affinity Biosensors

“…Below are the SEM images of MWCNTs/SPE, nano-gold/SPE and MWCNTs/nano gold/SPE (screen printed electrode). In these figures, figure 2(a) shows the nanotube like structure on the electrode surface, figure 2(b) shows the nanoparticle like structure of gold which are electro-generated on the surface of bare screen printed electrode and figure 2(c) shows the nanohybride structure of MWCNTs and gold [Sharma et al, 2008]. The electrocatalytic efficiency of SPE modified electrode towards oxidation of naphthol was found to be very high.…”

“…The ELISA methods were well established techniques and have variety of formats. Since, the formation of the complex can not be determined directly by earlier methods, an enzyme tagged antibody is used to reveal the formation of the complex between the antigen and antibody [Suresh et al, 2010;Sharma et al, 2008]. The enzyme tagged antibody will provide an optical or electrochemical signal based on the substrate used.…”

“…These three are known to be biocompatible. In some publications the MWCNTs modified electrodes were further modified by electrodeposition of gold nano particles [Sharma et al, 2008]. In some reports the CNTs were initially modified with gold nano particles and then used to modify the GC electrodes using a binder.…”