Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Myanmar, 2006-2010

Mon, Pont Pont; Lapkuntod, Jiradej; Maw, Min Thein; Nuansrichay, Bundit; Parchariyanon, Sujira; Tiensin, Thanawat; Htun, Than; Padungtod, Pawin; Kalpravidh, Wantanee; Sunn, Kyaw; Maclean, Murray; Amonsin, Alongkorn

doi:10.1007/s00705-012-1411-y

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Subsequently, the H5N1 HPAIV‐affected area expanded to Europe in 2005 and Africa in 2006 . The number of countries and regions affected by Asian H5N1 HPAIVs reached a maximum in 2006, with 55 countries and regions affected . With the efforts of international organizations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and of authorities in each affected country, the number of affected countries and regions decreased, and Asian H5 HPAIVs were confined to the Asian region by 2012 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracontinental and intercontinental dissemination of Asian H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (clade 2.3.4.4) in the winter of 2014–2015

Saito

Tanikawa

Uchida

et al. 2015

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Asian H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) that possess the clade 2.3.4.4 HA gene have been identified in wild birds and poultry since late 2014 in both Europe and North America (N. America). Clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIVs of the H5N8 subtype have been isolated in both regions, whereas reassortment viruses with NA N1 and N2 subtypes of the North American (N. American). avian lineage have only been identified in N. America. The HA genes of those isolates were closely related to genes of the HPAIVs that have caused massive outbreaks in poultry in Korea since January 2014. The outbreaks caused by those viruses and the genetic relatedness of their HA and NA genes are reviewed in this study. Although the illegal movement of poultry and poultry products cannot be ruled out as a cause of intercontinental and intracontinental dissemination of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIVs during the winter of 2014-2015, transmission of the viruses by infected migratory birds appears to be a more plausible mechanism for their dissemination. In particular, the involvement of migratory birds in HPAIV transmission between Asia and N. America is highly likely because of the reassortments between H5N8 HPAIV and the N. American lineage avian influenza viruses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracontinental and intercontinental dissemination of Asian H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (clade 2.3.4.4) in the winter of 2014–2015

Saito

Tanikawa

Uchida

et al. 2015

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…Based on genetic analysis, Myanmar HPAIV-H5N1 contained some virulence and human virus-like characteristics, which pose a significant risk to humans and poultry. For example, Myanmar HPAIV-H5N1 possessed highly pathogenic characteristics at the HA cleavage site (Mon et al, 2012). The antigenic sites E and A of…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…infected live poultry and/or raw poultry products from neighbouring countries especially southern China may contribute to the introduction of HPAIV-H5N1 2.3.2.1c.Based on genetic analysis, Myanmar HPAIV-H5N1 contained some virulence and human virus-like characteristics, which pose a significant risk to humans and poultry. For example, Myanmar HPAIV-H5N1 possessed highly pathogenic characteristics at the HA cleavage site(Mon et al, 2012). The antigenic sites E and A of Myanmar, Vietnam and Bangladesh viruses of clade 2.3.2.1 were identical, but differed from previous Myanmar viruses (clade 2.3.4), which correlate with virus adaptation (De Jong & Hien, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of influenza A virus subtype H5N1 in a live bird market in Yangon, Myanmar: 2017–2018

Thurain

Mon

Nasamran

et al. 2020

Transbound. Emerg. Dis.

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A survey of influenza A viruses (IAVs) in the Mingalar Taung Nyunt live bird market (MTN-LBM), Yangon, Myanmar, was conducted from December 2017 to December 2018. During the survey, 455 swab samples were collected from broilers, layers, backyard chickens and ducks from the MTN-LBM. Ninety-one pooled samples were screened for IAVs by real-time RT-PCR specific to the M gene. Positive pooled samples were individually retested for IAVs. In total, 2.63% of individual samples (12/455) were positive for IAVs. Out of 12 samples, seven samples from layer chickens and the environment were identified as IAV subtype H5N1. In this study, four IAVs were successfully isolated and further characterized by whole genome sequencing. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed that the viruses were characterized as highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 (HPAIV-H5N1) of clade 2.3.2.1c. Phylogenetic and genetic analyses showed that Myanmar HPAIV-H5N1 was closely related to HPAIV-H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c isolated from China and Vietnam in 2014. Our results suggested that the live bird market in Myanmar represents a significant risk of HPAIV-H5N1 transmission in poultry and humans. Moreover, HPAIV-H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c is widely distributed in SouthEast Asia including Myanmar.

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“…Despite being the largest mainland country in Southeast Asia, compared with neighboring countries, Myanmar has sparse surveillance for avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) 1 . Yet, multiple incursions of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A/H5N1 strains have caused considerable poultry losses since they were first detected in 2006 2,3 and again in 2017–2018 4 . Additionally, an incursion of A/H9N2 was detected at live bird markets in Yangon in 2015 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross‐sectional study of avian influenza A virus in Myanmar live bird markets: Detection of a newly introduced H9N2?

Borkenhagen

Aung²,

Htay³

et al. 2023

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Background Zoonotic influenza surveillance in Myanmar is sparse, despite the risks of introduction of such viruses from neighboring countries that could impact the poultry industry and lead to spillover to humans. Methods In July and August 2019, our multi‐institutional partnership conducted a One Health‐oriented, cross‐sectional surveillance (weekly for 3 weeks) for influenza A and influenza D viruses at the three largest live bird markets in Yangon, Myanmar. Results The 27 bioaerosols, 90 bird cage swabs, 90 bird oropharyngeals, and 90 human nasopharyngeal samples yielded molecular influenza A detections in 8 bioaerosols (30.0%), 16 bird cages (17.8%), 15 bird oropharyngeals (16.7%), and 1 human nasopharyngeal (1.1%) samples. No influenza D was detected. Seven of the influenza A virus detections were found to be subtype A/H9N2, and one human nasopharyngeal sample was found to be subtype A/H1pdm. Among all IAV‐positive samples, three of the A/H9N2‐positive samples yielded live viruses from egg culture and their whole genome sequences revealing they belonged to the G9/Y280 lineage of A/H9N2 viruses. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these A/H9N2 sequences clustered separately from A/H9N2 viruses that were previously detected in Myanmar, supporting the notion that A/H9N2 viruses similar to those seen in wider Southeast Asia may have been introduced to Myanmar on multiple occasions. Conclusions These findings call for increased surveillance efforts in Myanmar to monitor for the introduction of novel influenza viruses in poultry, as well as possible reassortment and zoonotic virus transmission.

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in Myanmar, 2006-2010

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Intracontinental and intercontinental dissemination of Asian H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (clade 2.3.4.4) in the winter of 2014–2015

Intracontinental and intercontinental dissemination of Asian H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (clade 2.3.4.4) in the winter of 2014–2015

Surveillance of influenza A virus subtype H5N1 in a live bird market in Yangon, Myanmar: 2017–2018

A cross‐sectional study of avian influenza A virus in Myanmar live bird markets: Detection of a newly introduced H9N2?

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