Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus in Wild Migratory Birds, Qinghai Lake, China

Li, Mingxin; Liu, Haizhou; Bi, Yang; Sun, Jianqing; Wong, Gary; Liu, Di; Li, Laixing; Liu, Juxiang; Chen, Quanjiao; Wang, Hanzhong; He, Yong; Shi, Weifeng; Gao, George F.; Chen, Jianjun

doi:10.3201/eid2304.161866

Cited by 90 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Discussion HPAI virus subtype H5N8 was first confirmed in dead mute swans in east Croatia in late October 2016 and the epidemic spread within following winter months among wild birds throughout inland Croatia. The virus is closely related to novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 group B H5N8 virus which was detected in wild migratory birds at the Qinghai Lake, China and Russia-Mongolia border already in spring 2016 (LEE et al, 2017, LI et al, 2017, followed by detection in autumn in poultry in European Russia (MARCHENKO et al, 2017) and wild birds and poultry in other European countries (POHLMANN et al, 2017). This dissemination of the virus from Asia to Europe was attributed to aquatic bird migration, as was the case with H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 group A virus when it spread worldwide in 2014-2015 by long-distance migratory birds (GLOBAL CONSORTIUM FOR H5N8, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…8). The MP segment was most likely acquired from LPAI viruses circulating in Mongolia (LEE et al, 2017;LI et al, 2017) before recent H5N5 viruses have separated from recent H5N8 viruses. Similarly, the PA segment of recent Croatian H5N5 isolates clusters with H5N8 viruses from Qinghai Lake, Russia-Mongolia border and some European countries, but is clearly different from their HA segment precursor (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A(H5N5) virus in wild birds and poultry, Croatia, 2016-2017

Savić

2017

Vet. arhiv

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) causes flock mortality as high as 100% in susceptible poultry species but it also poses a threat for humans, particularly viruses of A/goose/Guangdong/96-like (GD/96) lineage. The emergence of novel HPAI viruses in migratory birds is of concern because of the potential for virus spread during migration. In late 2016, novel GD/96 reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 group B avian influenza H5N5 virus was detected in wild birds and domestic poultry in Croatia, concurrently with numerous detections of H5N8 virus of the same clade and group. Sequencing of the full genome of the H5N8 index case isolate (October 2016) and of all three H5N5 isolates (December 2016 -March 2017) has shown that the novel H5N5 reassortant virus most likely emerged as a result of complex reassortment process in Asia from HPAI H5N8 viruses after the later viruses have became established in wild bird population. Concurrent findings of both, H5N5 and H5N8 viruses, at the same locations in Croatia indicate that the H5N5 reassortant virus was introduced from Asia as a subpopulation of H5N8 viruses by the same wild bird flyways. Although the novel H5N5 reassortant virus possesses haemagglutinin of the GD/96 lineage, the virus genome has typical avian virus traits. Apart from mutations T215A in M1 protein and P42S in NS1 protein which are associated to increased virulence in mice, none of the mutations related to increased affinity to human-type (α-2,6) receptors and mammalian host adaptation were found. Nevertheless, the virus poses a serious threat to the poultry industry since high pathogenicity for gallinaceous birds was confirmed by high intravenous pathogenicity index (2.87).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A(H5N5) virus in wild birds and poultry, Croatia, 2016-2017

Savić

2017

Vet. arhiv

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“…In Europe, several outbreaks of HPAI H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4A in poultry and wild birds were reported in 2014–2015 (Bouwstra et al., ; Hanna et al., ; Harder et al., ). In May–June 2016, a novel reassortant of H5 subtype clade 2.3.4.4B was identified as the causative agent of mass mortality in wild birds in regions of central Asia—Uvs‐Nuur Lake and Qinghai Lake—known to be migration stopovers (Lee, Sharshov et al., ; Li et al., ). These events preceded the incursion of the virus into many European countries resulting in the largest HPAI epidemic in the history of Europe (EFSA, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and molecular analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N5 viruses detected in Poland in 2016-2017

Świętoń

Śmietanka

2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Sixty-five poultry outbreaks and sixty-eight events in wild birds were reported during the highly pathogenic H5N8/H5N5 avian influenza epidemic in Poland in 2016-2017. The analysis of all gene segment sequences of selected strains revealed cocirculation of at least four different genome configurations (genotypes) generated through reassortment of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 viruses detected in Russia and China in mid-2016. The geographical and temporal distribution of three H5N8 genotypes indicates separate introductions. Additionally, an H5N5 virus with a different gene configuration was detected in wild birds. The compilation of the results with those from studies on the virus' diversity in Germany, Italy and the Netherlands revealed that Europe was affected by at least eight different H5N8/H5N5 reassortants. Analysis of the HA gene sequence of a larger subset of samples showed its diversification corresponding to the genotype classification. The close relationship between poultry and wild bird strains from the same locations observed in several cases points to wild birds as the primary source of the outbreaks in poultry.

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“…In May–June 2016, a novel reassortant of HPAI virus subtype H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4a was detected in diseased waterbirds in China ( 5 ) and on the border between Russia and Mongolia ( 6 ). In October 2016, a similar H5N8 strain was found in a dead mute swan ( Cygnus olor ) in Hungary ( 7 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deaths among Wild Birds during Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus Outbreak, the Netherlands

Kleyheeg¹,

Slaterus²,

Bodewes³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

128

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus in Wild Migratory Birds, Qinghai Lake, China

Cited by 90 publications

References 13 publications

Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A(H5N5) virus in wild birds and poultry, Croatia, 2016-2017

Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A(H5N5) virus in wild birds and poultry, Croatia, 2016-2017

Phylogenetic and molecular analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N5 viruses detected in Poland in 2016-2017

Deaths among Wild Birds during Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus Outbreak, the Netherlands

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