Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays with Engineered Electrochemical Energy Storage Performances

Abstract

Nanoscale engineering of regular structured materials is immensely demanded in various scientific areas. In this work, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays were grown by self-organizing electrochemical anodization. The effects of different fluoride ion concentrations (0.2 and 0.5 wt% NH4F) and different anodization times (2, 5, 10 and 20 h) on the morphology of nanotubes were systematically studied in an organic electrolyte (glycol). The growth mechanisms of amorphous and anatase TiO2 nanotubes were also studied. Under optimized conditions, we obtained TiO2 nanotubes with tube diameters of 70–160 nm and tube lengths of 6.5–45 μm. Serving as free-standing and binder-free electrodes, the kinetic, capacity, and stability performances of TiO2 nanotubes were tested as lithium-ion battery anodes. This work provides a facile strategy for constructing self-organized materials with optimized functionalities for applications.

A review: research progress on the formation mechanism of porous anodic oxides

“…The self-organization theory believes that the formation of PAO is closely related to the solubility of metal oxides in the electrolyte. 23,74,82 When the electrolyte is in low solubility of oxides, the compact oxides will be formed on the metal surface. When the electrolyte is in high solubility of oxides, an irregular oxides film (sponge oxides) will be formed on the metal surface.…”

State of the Art in Crystallization of LiNbO3 and Their Applications

“…Surface modification of high voltage cathodes is important method to improve electrochemical performance of Li-ion battery [67][68][69]. LiNbO 3 -coating has been found to be a useful strategy to improve stability of electrode materials [68,69].…”

Effect of Titanium Matrix Structure on Growth Morphology of Anodized TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Applications in Photoelectrochemical Performances

“…It is concluded that the anodizing voltage has a significant effect on the morphology, structure, photoelectrochemical properties, and hydrogen production of nanometer titanium dioxide, 13 while Cao et al explored the effects of different F-ion concentrations and anodizing times on the morphology of nanotubes and evaluated the battery perform-ance. 14 By exploring the changes of the TNTs morphology of titanium sheets with different purities after anodization, Zhang et al showed that titanium dioxide nanotubes are closely related to the purity, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties of titanium sheets. 15 From these, we can see the improvement effect of TNTs ordered morphology for optoelectronic applications.…”