A review: research progress on the formation mechanism of porous anodic oxides

Li, Chengyuan; Ni, Yilin; Gong, Jingjing; Song, Ye; Gong, Tianle; Zhu, Xufei

doi:10.1039/d1na00624j

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 127 publications

(261 reference statements)

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“…Recently, some researchers [59,61] have argued that the formation of nanoporous anodic films on Fe can also be explained in terms of the electronic current and oxygen bubble model suggested by our group in the case of porous AAO or anodic TiO 2 nanotubes [62][63][64][65][66] . This model emphasizes that the formation of nanopores is closely related to oxygen gas generation during anodization.…”

Section: Formation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 79%

Anodization fabrication techniques and energy-related applications for nanostructured anodic films on transition metals

2022

Energy Mater

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Nanostructured anodic films on transition metals prepared using the electrochemical anodization method have recently attracted particular attention owing to their extraordinary properties and potential use in a variety of applications. Herein, we provide a thorough review of the anodization fabrication of anodic films with different nanostructures, including nanopores, nanotubes, nanoflowers, nanoneedles and nanowires on transition metals, focusing on the growth processes of nanostructured anodic films on three representative transition metals, namely, iron, copper and zinc. Specific consideration is given to the anodization behavior and formed film nanostructures of these transition metals. We conclude that electrolyte composition plays a key role in influencing the final morphologies of anodic films. Fluoride-containing solutions represent universal electrolytes for forming nanostructured anodic films on transition metals. The main applications of the resulting nanostructured anodic films, especially in energy-related fields, such as photoelectrochemical water splitting and supercapacitors, are also presented and discussed. Finally, we indicate the main challenges associated with the fabrication of anodic films with highly ordered nanostructures and the potential future directions of this field are indicated.

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Section: Formation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 79%

Anodization fabrication techniques and energy-related applications for nanostructured anodic films on transition metals

2022

Energy Mater

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“…By contrast, the pre-patterns result in an ordered nanopore pattern during the initial anodizing stage, helping the potential become locally concentrated over the patterns. The self-ordering of the nanopores in anodizing can also be explained in terms of the mechanical stress during the expansion of aluminum in the oxidation, which results in repulsive forces between neighboring pores [ 40 , 41 ]. Therefore, the formation of the ordered nanopore pattern can be attributed to a balance between the repulsive forces between neighboring pores and the inhibition of irregular cell growth by the neighboring cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the Nanopore Architecture of Anodic Alumina via Stepwise Anodization with Voltage Modulation and Pore Widening

et al. 2023

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Control of the morphology and hierarchy of the nanopore structures of anodic alumina is investigated by employing stepwise anodizing processes, alternating the two different anodizing modes, including mild anodization (MA) and hard anodization (HA), which are further mediated by a pore-widening (PW) step in between. For the experiment, the MA and HA are applied at the anodizing voltages of 40 and 100 V, respectively, in 0.3 M oxalic acid, at 1 °C, for fixed durations (30 min for MA and 0.5 min for HA), while the intermediate PW is applied in 0.1 M phosphoric acid at 30 °C for different durations. In particular, to examine the effects of the anodizing sequence and the PW time on the morphology and hierarchy of the nanopore structures formed, the stepwise anodization is conducted in two different ways: one with no PW step, such as MA→HA and HA→MA, and the other with the timed PW in between, such as MA→PW→MA, MA→PW→HA, HA→PW→HA, and HA→PW→MA. The results show that both the sequence of the voltage-modulated anodizing modes and the application of the intermediate PW step led to unique three-dimensional morphology and hierarchy of the nanopore structures of the anodic alumina beyond the conventional two-dimensional cylindrical pore geometry. It suggests that the stepwise anodizing process regulated by the sequence of the anodizing modes and the intermediate PW step can allow the design and fabrication of various types of nanopore structures, which can broaden the applications of the nanoporous anodic alumina with greater efficacy and versatility.

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“…Nonetheless, there are still many appl tions that require the use of PAA templates [31][32][33][34][35] and novel hybrid materials such metals sulphides [36] and metal alloys nanowires [37] that are suitable for nanostructu templates. Very interesting review articles were published recently that provide an extens description of the signs of progress made on the PAA fabrication [38,39], characterizat [40], formation mechanisms [41,42] and applications [43,44]. All these works agree t the porous materials based on alumina templates are a very attractive platform to deve a wide range of applications but are still fundamental to get a better understanding their growth mechanisms to gain more advanced control over their structure and the teraction with other materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Very interesting review articles were published recently that provide an extensive description of the signs of progress made on the PAA fabrication [ 38 , 39 ], characterization [ 40 ], formation mechanisms [ 41 , 42 ] and applications [ 43 , 44 ]. All these works agree that the porous materials based on alumina templates are a very attractive platform to develop a wide range of applications but are still fundamental to get a better understanding of their growth mechanisms to gain more advanced control over their structure and the interaction with other materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this direction, many works p forming in-situ time-resolved X-ray scattering observations have been carried out to sh light on the development of the self-ordering pores process [45][46][47][48]. Besides, theoret models are required to precisely establish a theoretical linking between the long-ran Very interesting review articles were published recently that provide an extensive description of the signs of progress made on the PAA fabrication [38,39], characterization [40], formation mechanisms [41,42] and applications [43,44]. All these works agree that the porous materials based on alumina templates are a very attractive platform to develop a wide range of applications but are still fundamental to get a better understanding of their growth mechanisms to gain more advanced control over their structure and the interaction with other materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of Engineering Carbon Nanomaterials Such As Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs), Graphene and Nanodiamonds and Other Carbon Allotropes inside Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) Templates

Sacco

Vollebregt

2023

Nanomaterials

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The fabrication and design of carbon-based hierarchical structures with tailored nano-architectures have attracted the enormous attention of the materials science community due to their exceptional chemical and physical properties. The collective control of nano-objects, in terms of their dimensionality, orientation and size, is of paramount importance to expand the implementation of carbon nanomaterials across a large variety of applications. In this context, porous anodic alumina (PAA) has become an attractive template where the pore morphologies can be straightforwardly modulated. The synthesis of diverse carbon nanomaterials can be performed using PAA templates, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and nanodiamonds, or can act as support for other carbon allotropes such as graphene and other carbon nanoforms. However, the successful growth of carbon nanomaterials within ordered PAA templates typically requires a series of stages involving the template fabrication, nanostructure growth and finally an etching or electrode metallization steps, which all encounter different challenges towards a nanodevice fabrication. The present review article describes the advantages and challenges associated with the fabrication of carbon materials in PAA based materials and aims to give a renewed momentum to this topic within the materials science community by providing an exhaustive overview of the current synthesis approaches and the most relevant applications based on PAA/Carbon nanostructures materials. Finally, the perspective and opportunities in the field are presented.

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A review: research progress on the formation mechanism of porous anodic oxides

Abstract: Owing to the great development potential of porous anodic oxides (PAO) in many fields, research on their formation mechanisms, fabrication processes and applications has a history of more than ten years.

Cited by 33 publications

References 127 publications

Anodization fabrication techniques and energy-related applications for nanostructured anodic films on transition metals

Anodization fabrication techniques and energy-related applications for nanostructured anodic films on transition metals

Control of the Nanopore Architecture of Anodic Alumina via Stepwise Anodization with Voltage Modulation and Pore Widening

Overview of Engineering Carbon Nanomaterials Such As Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs), Graphene and Nanodiamonds and Other Carbon Allotropes inside Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) Templates

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