Highly Ordered Carbon Coating Prepared with Polyvinylidene Chloride Precursor for High‐Performance Silicon Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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The Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique, in which monolayers are commonly transferred from a liquid/gas interface to a solid surface, allows convenient fabrication of highly ordered thin films with molecular-level precision. This method is widely applicable to substances ranging from organic molecules to nanomaterials. Therefore, LB methods have provided a critical toolbox for researchers to engineer nanoarchitectures. The LB fabrication process is also compatible with numerous substrate materials over large areas, which is advantageous for practical application. Despite its wide applicability, the LB strategy has not been extensively employed in battery studies. The versatility of LB film, along with the accumulated knowledge associated with this technique, makes it a promising platform for promoting battery chemistry evolution. This Review summarizes recent advances of LB methods for high-performance battery development, including preparation of electrode materials, fabrication of functional layers, and battery diagnosis and thus illustrates the high utility of LB approaches in battery research.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Applications of Langmuir–Blodgett Technique in Battery Research

Chen

Yoon

Hubble

et al. 2022

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“…These composite materials not only produce a large electrode–electrolyte contact area but also retain the internal void space for Si expansion and excellent stress-releasing ability. − ,− However, the large volume expansion of high-strain Si/C-based composite materials has not been successfully suppressed during the (de)lithiation process; (iii) prelithiating the Si electrode before battery fabrication to decrease the relative volume fluctuation of Si NPs during the (de)lithiation process; (iv) preparing composites consisting of elemental Si NPs and binary/ternary transition-metal silicides (TMSs), − which have the benefit of producing a synergistic effect between the nanocomposites to overcome the shortcomings of Si NPs. (v) improving electronic conductivity of Si-based electrodes by ordered carbon coatings for encapsulating Si NPs and uses of versatile conductive polymers for enhancing battery performance of Si-based electrodes; − and (vi) synthesizing metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived silicon@void@carbon nanocomposites through a self-sacrifice template strategy, which offers plentiful voids to buffer the large volume expansion of the Si NPs and facilitate the penetration of large volumes of electrolyte to increase the surface contact between the electrode and the electrolyte. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow Porous N and Co Dual-Doped Silicon@Carbon Nanocube Derived by ZnCo-Bimetallic Metal–Organic Framework toward Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Kim

Baek

Son

et al. 2022

Silicon (Si) has been recognized as a promising alternative to graphite anode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its superior theoretical capacity and low discharge voltage. However, Si-based anodes undergo structural pulverization during cycling due to the large volume expansion (ca. 300–400%) and continuous formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), resulting in fast capacity fading. To address this challenge, a series of different amounts of silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs)-encapsulated hollow porous N-doped/Co-incorporated carbon nanocubes (denoted as p-CoNC@SiX, where X = 50, 80, and 100) as anode materials for LIBs are reported in this paper. These hollow nanocubic materials were derived by facile annealing of different contents of Si NPs-encapsulated Zn/Co-bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF@Si) as self-sacrificial templates. Owing to the advantages of well-defined hollow framework clusters and highly conductive hollow carbon frameworks, the hollow porous p-CoNC@SiX significantly improved the electronic conductivity and Li+ diffusion coefficient by an order of magnitude higher than that of Si NPs. The as-prepared p-CoNC@Si80 with 80 wt % Si NPs delivered a continuously increasing specific capacity of 1008 mAh g–1 at 500 mA g–1 over 500 cycles, excellent reversible capacity (∼1361 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1), and superior rate capability (∼603 mAh g–1 at 3 A g–1) along with an unprecedented long-life cyclic stability of ∼1218 mAh g–1 at 1 A g–1 over 1000 cycles caused by low volume expansion (9.92%) and suppressed SEI side reactions. These findings provide new insights into the development of highly reversible Si-based anode materials for advanced LIBs.

“…The growing significance of sustainability has inspired scientists to develop rechargeable batteries with high energy density for large-scale utilization of all-electric vehicles. − The high specific capacity (over 3000 mA h g –1 ), low discharge voltage, and worldwide abundance make silicon (Si) a promising candidate that could replace the currently commercialized graphite anodes in next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). − However, the practical deployment of Si anodes still faces formidable challenges because Si suffers from dramatic volume changes during lithiation and delithiation processes. This process undermines the integrity of the electrode and interrupts the electric contact between silicon particles, ultimately causing a rapid decay of capacity and poor cycling stability. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ-Formed Novel Elastic Network Binder for a Silicon Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Liu

Chen

et al. 2021

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High energy density lithium-ion batteries with preferable cycling stability are critical for the development of all-electric vehicles. Silicon (Si) has demonstrated a remarkable potential for application as anode materials due to its superior capacity performance and worldwide abundance. However, Si intrinsically undergoes substantial volume fluctuation during repeated lithiation/delithiation processes, which pulverizes the Si particles and undermines the integrity of the electrode structures, thus resulting in frustrating cycling stability. We developed a polymer binder with a highly stretchable and elastic network structure that can accommodate volume variation of Si. This was realized by an in situ cross-linking of polyacrylic acid (PAA) with isocyanate-terminated polyurethane oligomers that consist of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains and 2-ureido-4-pyrimidinone (UPy) moieties through the reaction between isocyanate and carboxyl during the electrode preparation process. In this binder network, PAA could strongly adhere to the Si particles by forming hydrogen bonding with the surface hydroxyl groups. The PEG chains induce the flexibility of the polymer network, while the UPy moieties endow the polymer network with desirable mechanical strength through the formation of reversible and strong quadruple H-bonding cross-linkers. This binder not only can sufficiently accommodate the volume change of Si but can also provide a strong mechanical support to effectively sustain the integrity for the Si anode, consequently enhancing cycle stability and rate performance.