“…Several studies have focused on the design of new generation of nanoparticle systems with biocompatibility, enhanced dispersibility, internalization, and targeting capabilities improved by surface modifications [ 15 , 19 ]. In this respect, various biocompatible agents, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG)-derived compounds [ 20 , 21 ], alginate [ 22 , 23 ], chitosan [ 24 ], dextran [ 25 ], heparin [ 26 ], l -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l -DOPA) [ 27 , 28 ], phosphonates or carboxymethyldextran [ 29 ], Na carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC-Na) [ 30 ] were used for NPs coatings. Many of those cited polymeric coating agents or other synthetic polymers, as well as the well-known biological molecules—proteins, peptides, lipids, or nucleic acids—can also form various nano-assemblies [ 31 ], without the introduction of an inorganic core.…”