Improvement of stem cell-derived exosome release efficiency by surface modified nanoparticles

Abstract

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stromal cells that release extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs contain various growth factors and antioxidants that can positively affect the surrounding cells. Nanoscale MSC-derived EVs, such as exosomes, have been developed as bio-stable nano-type materials. However, some issues such as low yield and difficulty in quantification limit their use. We hypothesized that enhancing exosome production using nanoparticles would stimulate intracellular molecules. Results: Our aim in this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of exosome generation by comparing the internalization of surface-modified, positively charged nanoparticles and exosome generation from MSCs. We determined that Rab7, which is located in the multiple vesicle body and autolysosomal membrane, was increased upon exosome expression and was associated with autophagosome formation. Conclusions: Nanoparticles may migrate to lysosomes during treatment. Simultaneously, intracellular exosome-forming factors can be stimulated during endosomal maturation. MSC-derived exosomes using nanoparticles may increase exosome yield and enable the discovery of nanoparticle-induced genetic factors.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor facilitates the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes in acute myocardial infarction through upregulating miR-133a-3p

“…26,27 It is a promising new cell free therapy for cardiac repair. Compared with liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, microemulsions and other synthetic drug loading systems, the endogeneity of exosomes is a natural and unique advantage [28][29][30][31] . However, more extensive testing and validation of exosomes therapeutics are needed to assure safety and e cacy.…”