Highly endemic hepatitis B infection in rural Vietnam

Nguyen, Van Thi-Thuy; McLaws, Mary‐Louise; Dore, Gregory J.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05010.x

Cited by 91 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Although we found HCV infection to be uncommon and our sample size provided a good degree of reliability for our prevalence rate, 1-2 per 100, a considerably larger population is needed before we can rule out as risk factors for HCV the remaining variables on which we collected data. Our original aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for HBV infection, in a calculated sample size based on the expected HBV prevalence-a far more common occurrence requiring a smaller sample than that for HCV estimates [16]. Recall bias might have influenced our findings, but this would be nondifferential as participants were unaware of their sero-status at the time of their interview.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C infection in rural north Vietnam

2007

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Background In Vietnam, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among injecting drug users and patients with liver disease is known to be high, yet the magnitude of HCV in the general population, particularly in rural areas, has not been clearly estimated. A community-based study was used to determine the prevalence of HCV infection in a rural population of north Vietnam and explore risk factors associated with HCV acquisition. Method A community-based viral hepatitis seroprevalence study using a multistage sampling method to recruit participants was undertaken. The study population size (n = 837) had been determined on the basis of estimated hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence. Information on demography and potential risk factors were obtained using face-to-face interviews, and all selected participants were tested for anti-HCV antibody. Results HCV prevalence in the study population was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.4%-1.9%). Hospital admission (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 7.19; 95% CI: 1.59-32.53; P = .01) and having tattoos (AOR: 13.37: 95% CI: 1.86-96.15; P = .01) were independent predictors of HCV infection, and farmers were less likely to have HCV infection than those in other occupations (AOR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04-0.84; P = .02). Conclusion The prevalence of HCV infection is low in the general rural population in northern Vietnam. An association between HCV infection and hospital admission and tattoos indicate a need to improve the standards of infection control in healthcare and other settings in this region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study population was then randomly selected using a systematic method. A more detailed description of the methodology and results of HBV testing has been published [16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C infection in rural north Vietnam

2007

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“…Our review found that the reported HBsAg prevalence in general population ranged from 5.7% to 24.7% in Vietnam, with most reporting the prevalence from 10% to 20%. 7,9,10,11,13,17,22 The value was much higher for the indicators of past infection: the anti-HBs ranged from 16% to 40% and anti-HBc from 50% to 75%. 22,10,13 There are an estimated 8.4 million people living with chronic hepatitis B in Vietnam.…”

Section: Overview-hepatitis B and C And Hiv Coinfection In Vietnammentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Responses, and Way Forward

Sereno

Mesquita²,

Kato³

et al. 2012

Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS

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Viral hepatitis is a disease of great concern to public health that is now met by a favorable momentum to combat the global epidemic. This article is intended to highlight the importance of viral hepatitis in the Vietnam population as well in the group of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We reviewed available data on epidemiology and response on hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV coinfection in Vietnam. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in the general population ranged from 5.7% to 24.7%. The anti-HCV prevalence ranged from 0.38% to 4.3% in the general population, while among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) it ranged from 31% to 97.2%. The HBV prevalence among PLWHA is similar to the general population, while HCV/HIV coinfection is concentrated in some groups. Anti-HCV prevalence among HIV-infected PWIDs can be as high as 98.5%. Developing policies for diagnosis and treatment of chronic HBV and HCV infections are critical priorities in order to prevent clinical progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer.

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“…At present, the prevalence of HBV infection in Vietnam is more than 8%, and in some regions it may be up to 25% (1)(2)(3)(4). Vietnamese HBV strains share characteristics of mutations in the core promoter and enhancement II region of the X gene in its genome, similar to HBV strains from China, Hong Kong and Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical utility of protein induced by vitamin K absence in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of hepato cellular carcinoma (HCC). α-fetoprotein (AFP) is a common tumor marker for the diagnosis of HCC, although not for protein induced by the absence of vitamin K or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II). The present study aimed to evaluate the role of PIVKA-II in the diagnosis of HCC in HBV-infected Vietnamese patients. A total of 166 consecutive HBV-infected Vietnamese patients were enrolled, including 41 HCC, 43 liver cirrhosis (LC), 26 chronic hepatitis (CH) and 56 asymptomatic carriers (ASC). AFP was examined using ELISA, while PIVKA-II was analyzed using Eitest PIVKA-II. The cut-off level of AFP and PIVKA-II was 20 ng/ml and 40 mAU/ml, respectively. Although the markers, AFP (344±356 ng/ml) and PIVKA-II (16,200±25,386 mAU/ml), were the highest in the HCC groups, only PIVKA-II in HCC was significantly higher compared to the other groups (P<0.001). The univariate analysis demonstrated that age over 50, male, genotype C, AFP and PIVKA-II were risk factors of LC and HCC. Results of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed that PIVKA-II was more sensitive to HCC compared to AFP. Moreover, PIVKA-II was strongly correlated with the portal venous thrombosis in HCC, as opposed to AFP. Results of the multivariate analysis demonstrated that PIVKA-II was the strongest independent risk factor of LC and HCC. In conclusion, PIVKA-II is likely to be a better marker for the diagnosis of HCC in chronic HBV-infected Vietnamese patients. IntroductionVietnam is one of the countries in the Western part of the Pacific-Ocean, with a high rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). At present, the prevalence of HBV infection in Vietnam is more than 8%, and in some regions it may be up to 25% (1-4). Vietnamese HBV strains share characteristics of mutations in the core promoter and enhancement II region of the X gene in its genome, similar to HBV strains from China, Hong Kong and Japan. These mutations are risk factors for the development of severe liver diseases and HCC (5-8). HBV is the leading cause of HCC in Vietnam, with an incidence only less than that of lung and stomach cancer in males (9,10). Recently, the Vietnamese government has made serious efforts to persuade individuals, particularly parents of neonates, to join the HBV vaccination program nationwide. However, partly due to the living standards and the differences in medical services available in the cities and countryside, and partly due to lack of awareness, not all newborn babies have been vaccinated at present. Serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) is used as a routine test, although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans are only available in large cities or in major provincial hospitals. Additionally, MRI and CT scans are expensive for ordinary Vietnamese individuals. Ultrasound (US) examination was introduced in Vietnam over 20 years ago, however, good operators are working only in big hospitals at present.The above reasons render HCC a major heal...

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Highly endemic hepatitis B infection in rural Vietnam

Cited by 91 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C infection in rural north Vietnam

Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C infection in rural north Vietnam

Epidemiology, Responses, and Way Forward

Clinical utility of protein induced by vitamin K absence in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

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