Epidemiology, Responses, and Way Forward

Sereno, Leandro; Mesquita, Fábio; Kato, Masaya; Jacka, David; Nguyen, Thi Thuy; Nguyen, Thien Nga

doi:10.1177/1545109712453939

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Our findings support previous, but localized studies, which indicate that the burden of HIV, HBV, and HCV infection is high among MWID in Vietnam. [ 2 , 16 , 17 , 29 , 30 ] While the point prevalence of HIV at the provincial level appears to be higher than what is reported through the Vietnam annual sentinel surveillance, the wide variation by province is similar for this study and the sentinel surveillance data. This supports the geographically heterogeneous characterization [ 15 ] of the HIV epidemic among MWID that may be due to a variety of factors in each province including: key population sizes (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Neither HBV nor HCV is a required reportable disease in Vietnam, and the country currently lacks routine hepatitis surveillance systems. [ 16 , 17 ] Such data are needed about HBV and HCV infection among key populations, such as MWID, for understanding the burden and profile of these key infections to organize appropriate resources for an effective response. The objectives of this analysis are to profile behaviors relevant for HIV, HBV, and HCV acquisition and transmission; to present representative estimates of HIV, HBV, HCV, and co-infection prevalence; and to identify risk factors associated with HIV infection among MWID in Vietnam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Findings from Integrated Behavioral and Biologic Survey among Males Who Inject Drugs (MWID) — Vietnam, 2009–2010: Evidence of the Need for an Integrated Response to HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus

Nadol

O’Connor

Duong³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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IntroductionGiven the overlapping modes of transmission of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), understanding the burden and relationship of these infections is critical for an effective response. Representative data on these infections among males who inject drugs (MWID), the key high-risk population for HIV in Vietnam, are currently lacking.MethodsData and stored specimens from Vietnam’s 2009-2010 Integrated Biologic and Behavioral Survey, a cross-sectional study among high-risk populations, were used for this analysis. Plasma samples were tested for HIV, HBV, and HCV using commercial assays. A questionnaire was administered to provide demographic, behavior, and service-uptake information. Provincial-level analyses were conducted to profile MWID enrollees and to provide estimates on the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV infection.ResultsAmong 3010 MWID sampled across 10 provinces, the median (range) HIV prevalence was 28.1% (1.0%-55.5%). Median prevalence for current HBV infection (HBsAg+) was 14.1% (11.7%-28.0%), for previous exposure to HBV (total anti-HBc+) was 71.4% (49.9%-83.1%), and for current or past HCV infection (HCV Ag/Ab+) was 53.8% (10.9%-80.8%). In adjusted analysis, HBsAg+ (aOR: 2.09, 1.01-4.34) and HCV Ag/Ab+ (aOR: 19.58, 13.07-29.33) status were significantly associated with HIV infection; the association with total anti-HBc+ approached significance (aOR: 1.29, 0.99-1.68).ConclusionThe prevalence and association between HIV, HBV, and HCV are high among MWID in Vietnam. These findings indicate the need for integrated policies and practice that for the surveillance, prevention, screening, and treatment of both HIV and viral hepatitis among MWID in Vietnam.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Findings from Integrated Behavioral and Biologic Survey among Males Who Inject Drugs (MWID) — Vietnam, 2009–2010: Evidence of the Need for an Integrated Response to HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus

Nadol

O’Connor

Duong³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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show abstract

“…In another report in Vietnam, the authors showed that the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBsAg) ranged from 5.7% to 24.7% and anti-HCV ranged from 0.38% to 4.3% in the general population, while anti-HCV among IDUs ranged from 31% to 97.2%. The HBV prevalence among HIV population was similar to the general population, while HCV/HIV coinfection was concentrated in some groups and it can be as high as 98.5% among HIV-infected patients [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HBV and HCV Coinfection among HIV/AIDS Patients in the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Vietnam

Huy

Vernavong

Kính

2014

AIDS Research and Treatment

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Aim. To examine prevalence and characterization of HBV and HCV coinfection among HIV/AIDS patients. Methods. This cross-sectional, retrospective study analyzed 724 HIV/AIDS patients in the HIV clinic at the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (NHTD), from 5/2005 to 4/2011. Results. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV coinfection was 50.3% (364/724), of which HbsAg, HCV, and both of HbsAg, and HCV positivity were 8.4%, 35.4%, and 6.5%, respectively. The cohort (364 patients) with HBV, HCV, and HIV coinfection live in the 30 provinces/cities in the North and Central area of Vietnam. We found statistically significant associations between heightened risk of coinfection with HIV and HCV in the age group 30–39 years (P < 0.001), male gender (P < 0.001), never married patients (P < 0.001), patients with a history of injection drug use (P < 0.001), and clinical stages 2–4 (P < 0.001). Coinfection with HBV/HIV was statistically significant associations between heightened risk of marital status (never married) (P < 0.001) and those who reported transmission through sexual intercourse. Conclusion. Coinfection with viral hepatitis is common in HIV patients; further study of the impact and evolution of coinfection is necessary to find effective treatment algorithms.

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“…1). The majority of publications (73.8%, 31/42) assessed the prevalence of HCV infection specifically in high-risk groups, including HIV infected patients, injecting drug users (IDU), community sex workers (CSW), men that have sex with men (MSM) and renal haemodialysis patients [11, 17, 21–23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 39, 41–47, 51–53, 55–60] (Table 1). Online search for Vietnamese articles retrieved one research publication and four Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs); only the Vietnamese research paper retrieved from a Vietnamese journal was included in this analysis [38].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight of forty two retrieved publications characterized the diversity of HCV genotypes in Vietnam [14, 16, 21, 33, 34, 48, 50, 51] (Table 1). Two manuscripts were reviews assessing risk factors associated with HCV acquisition in Vietnam [11, 24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current challenges and possible solutions to improve access to care and treatment for hepatitis C infection in Vietnam: a systematic review

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHepatitis C infection is a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countries where an estimated 71.1 million individuals are living with chronic infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently released new guidance for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment programs, which include improving the access to new direct-acting antiviral agents. In Vietnam, a highly populated middle-income country, the seroprevalence of HCV infection is approximately 4% and multiple genotypes co-circulate in the general population. Here we review what is currently known regarding the epidemiology of HCV in Vietnam and outline options for reducing the significant burden of morbidity and mortality in our setting.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the currently available literature to evaluate what has been achieved to date with efforts to control HCV infection in Vietnam.ResultsThis search retrieved few publications specific to Vietnam indicating a significant gap in baseline epidemiological and public health data. Key knowledge gaps identified included an understanding of the prevalence in specific high-risk groups, characterization of circulating HCV genotypes in the population and likely response to treatment, and the extent to which HCV treatment is available, accessed and utilized.ConclusionsWe conclude that there is an urgent need to perform up to date assessments of HCV disease burden in Vietnam, especially in high-risk groups, in whom incidence is high and cross infection with multiple genotypes is likely to be frequent. Coordinating renewed surveillance measures with forthcoming HCV treatment studies should initiate the traction required to achieve the WHO goal of eliminating HCV as a public health threat by 2030, at least in this region.

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Epidemiology, Responses, and Way Forward

Cited by 19 publications

References 59 publications

Findings from Integrated Behavioral and Biologic Survey among Males Who Inject Drugs (MWID) — Vietnam, 2009–2010: Evidence of the Need for an Integrated Response to HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus

Findings from Integrated Behavioral and Biologic Survey among Males Who Inject Drugs (MWID) — Vietnam, 2009–2010: Evidence of the Need for an Integrated Response to HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus

HBV and HCV Coinfection among HIV/AIDS Patients in the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Vietnam

Current challenges and possible solutions to improve access to care and treatment for hepatitis C infection in Vietnam: a systematic review

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