Highly Efficient p‐Type Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells based on Tris(1,2‐diaminoethane)Cobalt(II)/(III) Electrolytes

Powar, Satvasheel; Daeneke, Torben; Therese, Michelle; Fu, Dongchuan; Duffy, Noel W.; Götz, Günther; Weidelener, Martin; Mishra, Amaresh; Bäuerle, Peter; Spiccia, Leone; Bach, Udo

doi:10.1002/anie.201206219

Cited by 186 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…34 Nevertheless, our results will be useful towards the design of new porphycenes for highly efficient p-type DSSCs, 35 although the performances of our devices are still on a quite moderate level. 7,[36][37][38] In this context, we infer from Fig. S5 (ESI †) that similar energetics in any of the combinations of P1, P2, and P3 with NiO, and I 3 À /I À should lead to constant results, at odds with the experimental results.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Integrating metalloporphycenes into p-type NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Feihl

Costa

Brenner³

et al. 2014

Chem. Commun.

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In the current work, we have explored a novel synthetic route towards metalated porphycenes and their use in p-type NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence that the relative positioning of the anchoring group exerts on the DSSC performance.Factors that favor dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as a key technology in solar-energy conversion schemes include low purity requirements and easy accessibility, low costs, fast processing, and simple up-scaling. DSSCs have been rendered even more attractive by recent progress in solid-state and flexible devices. 1,2 To date, record efficiencies as high as 13% have been reported for n-type DSSCs. 3 However, efficient p-type DSSCs, which complement n-type DSSCs in, for example, tandem configurations, are necessary for obtaining values beyond 13%, and are therefore the subject of intensive investigation. 4 Regardless of whether the semiconductor materials are n-or p-type, the chromophore attached to the semiconductor electrode is decisive in terms of light harvesting, charge transfer, and charge transport. Diverse organic or inorganic chromophores have recently been tested in both types of DSSCs. [5][6][7][8] Fine tuning synthetic parameters such as the metalation of the chromophore, the nature of the anchor, and the bridge that links the chromophore to the anchor, have made control over important characteristics like highly effective charge separation, reduced charge recombination, and long term stability possible. [9][10][11][12] Semiconductor nickel oxide (NiO) stands out as an electrode material for p-type DSSCs. 7,[13][14][15] This has triggered the design of novel light-harvesting and electron-accepting chromophores. 13 We have focused on porphycenes because of their similarity to porphyrins and phthalocyanines. 16,17 In contrast to the electrondonating features of porphyrins and phthalocyanines, which are widely used in n-type DSSCs, 8,18 porphycenes are strong electron acceptors, making them more suitable building blocks for p-type DSSCs. Only a few examples of the use of free-base porphycenes in solar energy devices are known to date. 19,20 We now report two major achievements. The first is the development of a new synthetic route to nickel porphycenes, which have barely been investigated previously. We have characterized the novel nickel porphycenes by physicochemical and computational techniques. Secondly, we have used these nickel porphycenes in p-type NiO-based DSSCs. We have been able to rationalize the overall performances in terms of the position and the nature of the anchor groups and, in turn, to establish new guidelines to designing novel electron acceptors.Three different nickel porphycenes were prepared -Scheme 1 -see ESI. † To obtain the target porphycenes, the 2,7,12,17-tetra-npropylporphycenato nickel (1) was chosen as starting material. Firstly, the peripheral alkyl chains ensure solubility in a wide variety of solvents. Secondly, the established chemistry of 1 allows the target featuring a vinyl group as a...

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confidence: 81%

Integrating metalloporphycenes into p-type NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Feihl

Costa

Brenner³

et al. 2014

Chem. Commun.

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“…The NiO paste and films were prepared as described previously. 26 The thicknesses of the sintered electrodes were measured using a Veeco Dektak 6M stylus profilometer (Plainview, NY, USA).…”

Section: Working Electrode Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indium tin oxide as a semiconductor material in efficient p-type dye-sensitized solar cells

Perera

Daeneke

et al. 2016

NPG Asia Mater

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Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a well-known n-type degenerate semiconductor with a wide variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications. Herein ITO is utilized as a photocathode material in p-type dye-sensitized solar cells in place of the commonly applied and highly colored nickel oxide (NiO) semiconductor. The application of mesoporous ITO photocathodes, [Fe(acac) 3 ] 0/ − as a redox mediator and a new organic dye afforded an impressive energy conversion efficiency of 1.96 ± 0.12%. Comparative transient absorption spectroscopic studies indicated that the recombination rate at the ITO-electrolyte interface is two orders of magnitude faster than that of NiO. Analysis of the operation mechanism of the ITO-based devices with ultraviolet photon spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy in air showed that ITO exhibits a significant local density of states arising below − 4.8 eV, which enables electron transfer to occur from the ITO to the excited dye, thus giving rise to the sustained photocathodic current. NPG Asia Materials (2016) 8, e305; doi:10.1038/am.2016.89; published online 9 September 2016 INTRODUCTION Transparent conducting oxides have been extensively used in optoelectronic applications. 1-3 One common transparent conducting oxide is indium tin oxide (ITO). ITO is a well-known n-type degenerate semiconductor 4 with an optical band gap of 3.5-4.3 eV 5 and has a high transmission in the near infrared and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Owing to their high optical transparency, good electrical conductivity, chemical inertness, hardness and excellent substrate adherence, 6-8 ITO thin films are applied in flat panel displays, antistatic coatings, solar cells, camera lenses and architectural glazing. 9-12 Additionally, high-surface-area mesoporous ITO films have been used as sensors for gases, such as ammonia, nitric oxide, ethanol and methanol. [13][14][15][16] Moreover, ITO films and ITO/TiO 2 core-shell structures have been utilized as photoanodes in both dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and water oxidation devices. [17][18][19][20] A recent spectroscopic investigation into the charge transfer dynamics of dye-coated ITO films revealed that ITO can both accept and donate electrons during photoinduced charge transfer. 21,22 By exploiting the ambivalent property of this degenerate n-type semiconductor, we have developed an efficient p-type DSC (p-DSC)

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“…The following year the replacement of commercial NiO with high crystallinity, faceted particles, lead to an increased VOC and hence another record efficiency [83]. In 2012, and again in 2014, the substitution of I -/I3 -redox couple for (Co(II)/(III)) and then Fe(II/III) complexes resulted in PCEs of 1.3% and 2.51% respectively [84,85], with devices displaying VOCs comparable to those of high performance nDSCs. The last four of these record pDSC PCEs have been obtained using PMI-6T-TPA (Table 3).…”

Section: Overview Of Pdsc Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in and prospects for photocathodic and tandem dye-sensitized solar cells

Nattestad¹,

Perera²,

Spiccia³

2016

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Re

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Third generation photovoltaics are based on the concept of providing high conversion efficiencies with low device production costs. As such, second generation concepts, such as Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSCs), serve as a good starting point for the development of these new devices. Tandem DSC devices are one example of such a concept, and can be constructed using two photoactive electrodes (one photoanode and one photocathode) inside the one cavity, increasing the theoretical efficiency limit by around 50% as compared to the conventional design. As there has been substantial effort devoted to the development of ntype DSCs, the focus of researchers investigating tandem DSCs has been to create high performance p-type systems, which operate by an analogous, but inverted, mechanism to n-type DSCs.

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Highly Efficient p‐Type Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells based on Tris(1,2‐diaminoethane)Cobalt(II)/(III) Electrolytes

Cited by 186 publications

References 32 publications

Integrating metalloporphycenes into p-type NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Integrating metalloporphycenes into p-type NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Indium tin oxide as a semiconductor material in efficient p-type dye-sensitized solar cells

Developments in and prospects for photocathodic and tandem dye-sensitized solar cells

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