Highly efficient nonprecious metal catalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction based on three-dimensional porous carbon nanostructures

Zhu, Chengzhou; Li, He; Fu, Shaofang; Du, Dan; Lin, Yuehe

doi:10.1039/c5cs00670h

Cited by 806 publications

(447 citation statements)

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“…Subsequently, metal-nitrogen-carbon (MNC) catalysts with the M-N 4 type of active sites were obtained, pyrolyzing together the simple sources of metal, nitrogen, and carbon [19]. Few recent reviews nicely summarize the MNC catalysts explored for ORR [20][21][22]. As a result of pyrolysis, the carbon surface of the resultant ORR catalyst hosts many types of nitrogen functionalities, such as quaternary nitrogen, pyridinic nitrogen, pyrollic nitrogen [23], metal nitrides, metal oxides, etc.…”

Section: Mnc-based Catalyst Obtained Through Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-supported Co(III) dimer for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium

Sheelam

Mandal

Thippani

et al. 2016

Ionics

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Non-precious metal electrocatalysts obtained by pyrolysis of precursors of metal, nitrogen, and carbon (MNC) are viewed as an inexpensive replacement for platinum-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. The hypothesized ORR active site structure of typical MNC catalysts consists of a transition metal coordinated to the pyridinic/pyrollic type of nitrogen covalently attached to the edges of the graphitic crystallites. One of the drawbacks of all the reported procedures to synthesize these MNC electrocatalysts is the inability to control the formation of a specific active site structure suitable for ORR. Lack of clarity on the active site structure limits the researcher's ability to design a synthesis methodology that maximizes the specific active site density. In this study, we have synthesized a Co(III) dimer ([Co 2 (OH) 2 (OOCCH 3 ) 3 (bpy) 2 ] NO 3 ⋅ 1.5 H 2 O) and demonstrated its ORR activity in alkaline medium. The ORR activity and methanol tolerance property of the Co(III) dimer were compared with those of Ketjenblack carbon (used as support for Co(III) dimer) and commercial 20 wt% Pt/C, respectively. Since Co(III) dimer is a molecular material, its characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared studies revealed the chemical structure unambiguously. Density functional theory calculation predicted the possibility of both end-on and side-on oxygen adsorption at the metal center of the Co(III) dimer.

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Section: Mnc-based Catalyst Obtained Through Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-supported Co(III) dimer for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium

Sheelam

Mandal

Thippani

et al. 2016

Ionics

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“…Up to now, various 3D porous carbon materials have been exploited as promising and efficient catalysts for their outstanding virtues such as low cost, high conductivity, high surface area with abundant porosity, designable carbon framework, as well as high chemical and mechanical stability [100][101][102][103]. Similar to 3D CNTs and 3D graphene, 3D porous carbon can also be doped with heteroatoms for ORR electrocatalysts [104].…”

Section: Heteroatom-doped 3d Porous Carbon For Orrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Heteroatom-Doped Nanocarbon for Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: A Review

Xiong

Fan

et al. 2018

Catalysts

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Abstract:The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is a fundamental process and functions a pivotal role in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. However, the electrochemical performance of these technologies has been still challenged by the high cost, scarcity, and insufficient durability of the traditional Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts. Heteroatom-doped nanocarbon electrocatalysts with competitive activity, enhanced durability, and acceptable cost, have recently attracted increasing interest and hold great promise as substitute for precious-metal catalysts (e.g., Pt and Pt-based materials). More importantly, three-dimensional (3D) porous architecture appears to be necessary for achieving high catalytic ORR activity by providing high specific surface areas with more exposed active sites and large pore volumes for efficient mass transport of reactants to the electrocatalysts. In this review, recent progress on the design, fabrication, and performance of 3D heteroatom-doped nanocarbon catalysts is summarized, aiming to elucidate the effects of heteroatom doping and 3D structure on the ORR performance of nanocarbon catalysts, thus promoting the design of highly active nanocarbon-based ORR electrocatalysts.

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“…Nanocarbon and related functional nanomaterials, obtained from MOFs, show attractive physical and chemical features, resulting in an increased amount of attention being fostered by fields associated with energy-related applications. Thus far, the functional porous heteroatom-doped nanocarbon materials have been considered as promising metal-free electrocatalsyts in fuel cells because of their unique physical and chemical characteristics, pronounced electrocatalytic activity, long-term stability, and relatively low costs [40][41][42]. Among them, single-doped nanocarbon (e.g., N-C) [37], multi-doped nanocarbon (e.g., NS-C, NPS-C) [43][44][45][46], as well as nanocarbon composites (e.g., nanocarbon/CNTs, nanocarbon/graphene) [28][29][30][31], have been researched as effective electrocatalysts in fuel cells.…”

Section: Mof-derived Heteroatom-doped Nanocarbon Electrocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on MOF-Derived Nanomaterials as Advanced Electrocatalysts in Fuel Cells

et al. 2016

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Developing a low cost, highly active and durable cathode material is a high-priority research direction toward the commercialization of low-temperature fuel cells. However, the high cost and low stability of useable materials remain a considerable challenge for the widespread adoption of fuel cell energy conversion devices. The electrochemical performance of fuel cells is still largely hindered by the high loading of noble metal catalyst (Pt/Pt alloy) at the cathode, which is necessary to facilitate the inherently sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Under these circumstances, the exploration of alternatives to replace expensive Pt-alloy for constructing highly efficient non-noble metal catalysts has been studied intensively and received great interest. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) a novel type of porous crystalline materials, have revealed potential application in the field of clean energy and demonstrated a number of advantages owing to their accessible high surface area, permanent porosity, and abundant metal/organic species. Recently, newly emerging MOFs materials have been used as templates and/or precursors to fabricate porous carbon and related functional nanomaterials, which exhibit excellent catalytic activities toward ORR or oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this review, recent advances in the use of MOF-derived functional nanomaterials as efficient electrocatalysts in fuel cells are summarized. Particularly, we focus on the rational design and synthesis of highly active and stable porous carbon-based electrocatalysts with various nanostructures by using the advantages of MOFs precursors. Finally, further understanding and development, future trends, and prospects of advanced MOF-derived nanomaterials for more promising applications of clean energy are presented.

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Highly efficient nonprecious metal catalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction based on three-dimensional porous carbon nanostructures

Cited by 806 publications

References 50 publications

Carbon-supported Co(III) dimer for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium

Carbon-supported Co(III) dimer for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium

Three-Dimensional Heteroatom-Doped Nanocarbon for Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: A Review

Recent Progress on MOF-Derived Nanomaterials as Advanced Electrocatalysts in Fuel Cells

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