Highly efficient, heat dissipating, stretchable organic light-emitting diodes based on a MoO3/Au/MoO3 electrode with encapsulation

Choi, Dae Keun; Kim, Dong Hyun; Lee, Chang Min; Hafeez, Hassan; Sarker, Subrata; Yang, Jihyun; Chae, Hyung Ju; Jeong, Geon-Woo; Choi, Dong Hyun; Kim, Tae Wook; Yoo, Seunghyup; Song, Jinouk; Soo, Boo; Kim, Taek‐Soo; Kim, Chul Hoon; Lee, Hyun Jae; Lee, Jae Woo; Kim, Dong-Hyun; Bae, Tae‐Sung; Yu, Seung Min; Kang, Yong‐Cheol; Park, Juyun; Kim, Kyoung-Ho; Sujak, Muhammad; Song, Myungkwan; Kim, Chang-Su; Ryu, Sung‐Soo

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23203-y

Cited by 55 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…Light interference and resonance effect can be observed within the resulting structure by selecting the dielectric material consisting of oxide layers with a high refractive index 3 , 15 , 16 . DMDs are also called plasmonic structures in which the effect of surface plasmons (SP) formed by the excitation of conduction electrons in the region close to the metal surfaces is observed 17 – 20 . By estimating the SP effect, applications including optical cases in which the light energy will be captured, concentrated or transmitted in DMDs can be created as various functional designs 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, a considerable number of studies have notedly addressed DMD structures designed with the use of MoO 3 and WO 3 among various TMOs 6 , 10 , 20 , 22 , 29 . Because DMD designs containing MoO 3 and WO 3 have shown extremely promising performances in screens, tunable mirrors, energy-saving intelligent windows, and electrochromic devices with dynamic variability, whose transparency, colour or other optical properties can be adjusted in response to applied potential 22 , 30 – 34 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional optical design of thickness-optimized transparent conductive dielectric-metal-dielectric plasmonic structure

Çetinkaya

Çokduygulular

Güzelçimen

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Dielectric/metal/dielectric plasmonic transparent structures play an important role in tailoring the high-optical performance of various optoelectronic devices. Though these structures are in significant demand in applications, including modification of the optical properties, average visible transmittance (AVT) and colour render index (CRI) and correlated colour temperature (CCT), obtaining optimal ones require precise thickness optimization. The overall objective of this study is the estimation of the optimal design concept of MoO3/Ag/WO3 (10/dAg/dWO3 nm) plasmonic structure. To explore the proper use in optoelectronic devices, we are motivated to conduct a rigorous optical evaluation on the thickness of layers. Having calculated optical characteristics and achieved the highest AVT of 97.3% for dAg = 4 nm and dWO3 = 6 nm by the transfer matrix method, it is quite possible to offer the potential of the structure acting as a transparent contact. Notably, the colour coordinates of the structure are x = 0.3110 and y = 0.3271, namely, it attributes very close to the Planckian locus. This superior colour performance displays that MoO3/Ag/WO3 shall undergo rapid development in neutral-colour windows and LED technologies. Structure with dAg = 6 nm and dWO3 = 16 nm exhibits the highest CRI of 98.58, thus identifying an optimal structure that can be integrated into LED lighting applications and imaging technologies. Besides the colour of structure with dAg = 4 nm and dWO3 = 8 nm is equal for D65 Standard Illuminant, the study reports that the range of CCTs are between 5000 and 6500 K. This optimization makes the structure employable as a near-daylight broadband illuminant. The study emphasizes that optimal MoO3/Ag/WO3 plasmonic structures can be used effectively to boost optoelectronic devices' performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional optical design of thickness-optimized transparent conductive dielectric-metal-dielectric plasmonic structure

Çetinkaya

Çokduygulular

Güzelçimen

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In such displays, the display size is varied by stretching the device and adjusting the space between pixels. Displays can be stretched using structural and material stretching methods [4]- [7]. In structural stretching methods, the distance between the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in a device is increased by modifying the structure of the device, for instance, by incorporating origami and kirigami structures [8]- [12], wavy structures [13]- [17], and island-bridge structures [18]- [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Density-Aware Compensation for High-Resolution Stretchable Display

2022

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When a stretchable display is stretched, the area of the exposed substrate between the lightemitting diodes (LEDs) increases, decreasing the image luminance. Currently, this problem is not addressed in existing high-resolution display systems. Although the mean-based method and gamma correction method using general image processing techniques, which are first presented in this paper, can compensate for the decrease in luminance, these methods cannot be adaptively applied for stretchable display systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel image compensation method optimized for stretchable displays. The proposed distribution density-aware method (DDAM) compensates for the decrease in luminance particularly for the area involving the newly exposed substrate. The DDAM solves the saturation problem associated with the mean-based method and the problem of inaccurate luminance estimation associated with the gamma correction method. Compared with the mean-based method and the gamma correction method, the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the DDAM is 0.600 dB and 1.977 dB higher, respectively. The structural similarity index measure is also 0.055 and 0.057 higher, respectively. In addition, we develop a novel simulator to evaluate the stretching of high-pixel-per-inch displays, which are being actively researched, and use it to verify the performance of above mentioned luminance reduction compensation methods.

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“…The PECVD process is an inorganic film deposition method often used in industry owing to the advantages of in situ cleaning and fast tact time. However, inorganic thin films produced through this process suffer from several disadvantages such as excessive thickness, large surface roughness, low transmittance, and the Mura phenomenon, limiting their application in various display panels. − To overcome these drawbacks, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been actively studied as an alternative fabrication process. ,,− The primary advantage of ALD is that it is potentially applicable to future devices that utilize deformable and stretchable materials because ALD can be used to fabricate films that provide excellent protection from moisture and oxygen with a very thin Al 2 O 3 film (≤40 nm). − Other important requirements of effective moisture and oxygen barriers for flexible devices are the coverage ability for defects and particles, low heat treatment temperature, high transparency, and low surface roughness. ALD is an inorganic deposition method that can be used to fabricate barriers with the required properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Thin-Film Encapsulation Using Inkjet Printing and PEALD for Industrial Large-Area Process Suitability and Flexible OLED Application

Kwon

Joo

Cho

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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We present herein the first report of organic/ inorganic hybrid thin-film encapsulation (TFE) developed as an encapsulation process for mass production in the display industry. The proposed method was applied to fabricate a top-emitting organic light-emitting device (TEOLED). The organic/inorganic hybrid TFE has a 1.5 dyad structure and was fabricated using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) and inkjet printing (IJP) processes that can be applied to mass production operations in the industry. Currently, industries use inorganic thin films such as SiN x and SiO x N y fabricated through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), which results in film thickness >1 μm; however, in the present work, an Al 2 O 3 inorganic thin film with a thickness of 30 nm was successfully fabricated using ALD. Furthermore, to decouple the crack propagation between the adjacent Al 2 O 3 thin films, an acrylate-based polymer layer was printed between these layers using IJP to finally obtain the 1.5 dyad hybrid TFE. The proposed method can be applied to optoelectronic devices with various form factors such as rollables and stretchable displays. The hybrid TFE developed in this study has a transmittance of 95% or more in the entire visible light region and a very low surface roughness of less than 1 nm. In addition, the measurement of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) using commercial MOCON equipment yielded a value of 5 × 10 −5 gm −2 day −1 (37.8 °C and 100% RH) or less, approaching the limit of the measuring equipment. The TFE was applied to TEOLEDs and the improvement in optical properties of the device was demonstrated. The OLED panel was manufactured and operated stably, showing excellent consistency even in the actual display manufacturing process. The panel operated normally even after 363 days in air. The proposed organic/inorganic hybrid encapsulant manufacturing process is applicable to the display industry and this study provides basic guidelines that can serve as a foothold for the development of various technologies in academia and industry alike.

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Highly efficient, heat dissipating, stretchable organic light-emitting diodes based on a MoO3/Au/MoO3 electrode with encapsulation

Cited by 55 publications

References 65 publications

Functional optical design of thickness-optimized transparent conductive dielectric-metal-dielectric plasmonic structure

Functional optical design of thickness-optimized transparent conductive dielectric-metal-dielectric plasmonic structure

Distribution Density-Aware Compensation for High-Resolution Stretchable Display

Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Thin-Film Encapsulation Using Inkjet Printing and PEALD for Industrial Large-Area Process Suitability and Flexible OLED Application

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