Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO₂ to Ethanol via Asymmetric C–C Coupling by a Metal–Organic Framework with Heterodimetal Dual Sites

Customizing catalyst surface/interface structures for electrochemical CO2 reduction

“…Due to the high oxygen affinity of the SnN 2 O 2 site, the Sn–Cu dual sites are more conducive to the asymmetric C–C coupling between *CO and *OCH 2 , leading to the predominant production of ethanol. 64 In addition, the atomic-level fine manipulation on catalyst surfaces/interfaces could be extended to other catalytic systems, such as metal catalysts and metal/oxide catalysts. This would surely enrich the library of catalysts available for mediating the CO 2 RR process with higher efficiency and controllability.…”

“…Furthermore, to enhance the selectivity towards specific C 2 products, Zhao et al rationally designed a novel heterometallic Sn⋯Cu dual-site catalyst. 64 The active centers of this catalyst are defined as SnN 2 O 2 and CuN 4 sites bridged by N atoms. Mechanistic studies indicated that due to the higher oxygen affinity of the SnN 2 O 2 sites, the heterometallic Sn⋯Cu dual sites are more favorable for asymmetric C–C coupling between *CO and *OCH 2 , leading to the predominant production of ethanol.…”

Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction to C2 Products on Metal–Nitrogen Sites by Regulating H2O Dissociation

“…The *CO hydrogenation to *CHO or *OCH 2 on a metal center via proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) steps is essential because the following C–C coupling between *CHO or *OCH 2 and the CO at the surface of the catalyst results in the formation of C2 products on M–N x sites. − Furthermore, accelerating *CO hydrogenation is beneficial for C–C coupling on M–N x -containing catalysts (i.e., the formation of C2 products). However, *CO hydrogenation on most kinds of mental centers of M–N x sites (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni, etc.)…”

In Situ Reconstruction of Scalable Amorphous Indium-Based Metal–Organic Framework for CO2 Electroreduction to Formate over an Ultrawide Potential Window

“…The utilization of intermittent renewable electricity to drive the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 into value-added chemicals and fuels is regarded as one of the most promising and environmentally friendly technologies for addressing environmental issues and energy crises. , The electrochemical reduction of CO 2 can yield a range of C 1 products, including carbon monoxide (CO), formate (HCOOH), methanol (CH 3 OH), methane (CH 4 ); as well as multicarbon products such as ethylene (C 2 H 4 ), ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH), and n -propanol (C 3 H 7 OH) . The conversion efficiency, however, is still hindered by the chemical inertness of CO 2 molecules and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), necessitating the development of efficient electrocatalysts .…”