Highly efficient 40-GHz bandwidth Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulator employing ridge structure

Noguchi, Kazuhiro; Mitomi, O.; Kawano, Kenji; Yanagibashi, M.

doi:10.1109/68.185058

Cited by 73 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Both effects increase the overlap between the applied electric field and the optical mode in a z-cut arrangement, thus providing a lower switching voltage. LiNbO 3 ridges a few micrometers deep can be obtained by wet etching [15], [16] or ion-milling [17] techniques. Smooth ridge sidewalls as well as good control of etch depth and sidewall direction are key in achieving low-loss waveguides with good mode confinement.…”

Section: B Waveguide Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of lithium niobate modulators for fiber-optic communications systems

Wooten

Kissa

Yi‐Yan

et al. 2000

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

1,156

542

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Abstract-The current status of lithium-niobate external-modulator technology is reviewed with emphasis on design, fabrication, system requirements, performance, and reliability. The technology meets the performance and reliability requirements of current 2.5-, 10-, and 40-Gb/s digital communication systems, as well as CATV analog systems. The current trend in device topology is toward higher data rates and increased levels of integration. In particular, multiple high-speed modulation functions, such as 10-Gb/s return-to-zero pulse generation plus data modulation, have been achieved in a single device.

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Section: B Waveguide Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of lithium niobate modulators for fiber-optic communications systems

Wooten

Kissa

Yi‐Yan

et al. 2000

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

1,156

542

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As a result, microwave electrode loss increases and becomes the limiting factor for the bandwidth. This difficulty was solved by introducing the ridge structure [55]. Fig.…”

Section: ) Linbo Traveling-wave Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 10 illustrates the basic idea behind this approach [55]. Compared to the conventional modulator, the ridge removes the high microwave dielectric constant LiNbO between the conductors.…”

Section: ) Linbo Traveling-wave Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-bandwidth lasers and modulators for RF photonics

Dagli

1999

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

147

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“…LiNbO 3 Mach-Zehnder external modulators [19], [20] have been mainly investigated for SCM transmission systems [21]- [23]. It has already been reported that an 80-channel AM-SCM transmission system employing this type of modulator can successfully achieve 30 km-long transmission with low noise and low distortion [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of dispersion-induced distortion in SCM transmission systems by using predistortion-linearized MQW-EA modulators

Iwai

Satô²,

Suto

1997

J. Lightwave Technol.

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The application of low-chirp MQW (multiquantum well)-EA (electro-absorption) modulators to subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) optical transmission systems is studied. The authors show that a third-order predistortion circuit is feasible for compensating the nonlinearity of this type of modulator. The degree of frequency chirping per optical intensity modulation depth of the modulator is theoretically determined to be about 1.4 MHz. A 42-channel AM-SCM signal transmitter with the predistortion circuit realizes both composite second-order distortion (CSO) and composite triple beat distortion (CTB) values under 057 dBc after 200-km-long transmission. The authors confirm dispersioninduced distortion of the MQW-EA modulator is as small as that of the LiNbO3 modulator. Carrier-to-noise ratios (CNR's) of 45.2 dB for channel 1 and 43.8 dB for channel 42 were measured after 100 km transmission. It is found that the deterioration of a CNR is caused by the cascaded erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's), Rayleigh backscattered power and the optical phase noise. Theoretical CNR's show that the output power of the modulator should be higher to improve CNR.

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Highly efficient 40-GHz bandwidth Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulator employing ridge structure

Cited by 73 publications

References 6 publications

A review of lithium niobate modulators for fiber-optic communications systems

A review of lithium niobate modulators for fiber-optic communications systems

Wide-bandwidth lasers and modulators for RF photonics

Reduction of dispersion-induced distortion in SCM transmission systems by using predistortion-linearized MQW-EA modulators

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