Highly diverse TCR δ chain repertoire in bovine tissues due to the use of up to four D segments per δ chain

Rhijn, Ildiko Van; Spiering, Rachel; Smits, Mieke; Blokland, Marja T.M. van; Weger, Roel de; Eden, Willem van; Rutten, Victor P.M.G.; Koets, Ad P.

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.02.003

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Conversely, MAIT cells comprise up to 45% of liver T cells in humans but only a small percentage in the common C57BL/6J strain of laboratory mouse (though they are 20-fold more abundant in wild-derived CAST/EiJ mice than in C57BL/6J mice) (Cui et al, 2015). Species differences in tissue-resident lymphocytes are perhaps even more striking for γδ T cells; γδ T cells are less abundant in humans and mice than in cattle and swine, and the diversity or oligoclonality of γδ T cells differs significantly in different mammals (Hein and Dudler, 1997; Hein and Mackay, 1991; Mackay and Hein, 1989; Van Rhijn et al, 2007). Furthermore, Vγ3Vδ1 + DETCs are absent in humans, while Vγ9Vδ2 + T cells, which are the most abundant population of γδ T cells in human peripheral blood, are absent in mice.…”

Section: Redundancy and Unique Functions Of Tissue-resident Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmarks of Tissue-Resident Lymphocytes

Fan

Rudensky

2016

Cell

312

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Although they are classically viewed as continuously recirculating through the lymphoid organs and blood, lymphocytes also establish residency in non-lymphoid tissues, most prominently at barrier sites, including the mucosal surfaces and skin. These specialized tissue-resident lymphocyte subsets span the innate-adaptive continuum and include innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), unconventional T cells (e.g., NKT, MAIT, γδ T cells, and CD8αα+IELs), and tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. Although these diverse cell types differ in the particulars of their biology, they nonetheless exhibit important shared features, including a role in the preservation of tissue integrity and function during homeostasis, infection, and non-infectious perturbations. In this Review, we discuss the hallmarks of tissue-resident innate, innate-like, and adaptive lymphocytes, as well as their potential functions in non-lymphoid organs.

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Section: Redundancy and Unique Functions Of Tissue-resident Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmarks of Tissue-Resident Lymphocytes

Fan

Rudensky

2016

Cell

312

279

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“…Limited evidence derived from analysis of cDNA clones from cattle, sheep and swine, as well as limited germline information for sheep, suggests that the general organization of the bovine TRA/TRD locus does not differ greatly from that of humans and mice [17,20]. It also suggests that a much larger repertoire of TRDV genes exists for cattle, as well as for the other "γδ T cell high" species sheep and swine [15,17,20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also suggests that a much larger repertoire of TRDV genes exists for cattle, as well as for the other "γδ T cell high" species sheep and swine [15,17,20,21]. Indeed, recent mapping of the bovine TRA/TRD locus identified over 100 TRDV and over 300 TRAV or TRAV/DV genes in cattle [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For cattle, four genes belonging to three different small subgroups (TRDV2, TRDV3 and TRDV4) have been identified that are orthologous to those same subgroups in sheep [17,23]. In contrast, while the bovine TRDV1 genes have been found to be related to the single TRDV1 gene that occurs in humans, expansion of the TRDV1 subgroup accounts for the larger number of TRDV genes in the "γδ T cell high" species [15,17,20-22]. The swine and sheep TRDV1 subgroups have been estimated to contain at least 31 and 40 genes, respectively [15,21] while the bovine TRDV1 subgroup has been reported to contain at least 37 genes [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annotation and classification of the bovine T cell receptor delta genes

2010

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Backgroundγδ T cells differ from αβ T cells with regard to the types of antigen with which their T cell receptors interact; γδ T cell antigens are not necessarily peptides nor are they presented on MHC. Cattle are considered a "γδ T cell high" species indicating they have an increased proportion of γδ T cells in circulation relative to that in "γδ T cell low" species such as humans and mice. Prior to the onset of the studies described here, there was limited information regarding the genes that code for the T cell receptor delta chains of this γδ T cell high species.ResultsBy annotating the bovine (Bos taurus) genome Btau_3.1 assembly the presence of 56 distinct T cell receptor delta (TRD) variable (V) genes were found, 52 of which belong to the TRDV1 subgroup and were co-mingled with the T cell receptor alpha variable (TRAV) genes. In addition, two genes belonging to the TRDV2 subgroup and single TRDV3 and TRDV4 genes were found. We confirmed the presence of five diversity (D) genes, three junctional (J) genes and a single constant (C) gene and describe the organization of the TRD locus. The TRDV4 gene is found downstream of the C gene and in an inverted orientation of transcription, consistent with its orthologs in humans and mice. cDNA evidence was assessed to validate expression of the variable genes and showed that one to five D genes could be incorporated into a single transcript. Finally, we grouped the bovine and ovine TRDV1 genes into sets based on their relatedness.ConclusionsThe bovine genome contains a large and diverse repertoire of TRD genes when compared to the genomes of "γδ T cell low" species. This suggests that in cattle γδ T cells play a more important role in immune function since they would be predicted to bind a greater variety of antigens.

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“…When CDR3 regions contact ligand, only the CDR3c [60,77] or the CDR3d [74] is used, rather than the CDR3 regions of c and d chains in tandem contacting variable ligands as occurs with the ab TCR. It is also notable that the TCR d can incorporate multiple d diversity genes with P and N untemplated addition of nucleotides [78] (including in bovine [57,79]) and thus the CDR3d can be particularly long, resembling an immunoglobulin heavy chain, which may add flexibility [80]. The use of a coreceptor may determine whether the avidity of a broadly reactive, low affinity TCR for its ligand is sufficient for activation.…”

Section: Wc1 Molecules Function As Co-receptors For the CD Tcrmentioning

confidence: 99%